Verification of the transfer diffusion theory by electric conductivity measurement

The validity of the “transfer diffusion theory” developed by Ruff and Friedrich is examined by measuring the conductivity of N, N-dimethylformamide solutions containing anthracene and its anion which undergo rapid electron exchange. The contribution of this process to the molar conductivity of the solution is calculated from the experimental results by using the Onsager equation and the Walden rule. It obeys the requirements of the theory that it should be proportional to the concentration of anthracene. From the proportionality coefficient and the available data for the electron exchange rate constant, together, the distance of electron jump at the moment of exchange is estimated.     

Absorption of carbon dioxide into laminar falling films of aqueous kaolin slurries containing sodium hydroxide

To confirm the theory for gas absorption accompanied by an instantaneous irreversible reaction in laminar falling films of power-law liquids which was presented in a previous paper, experiments were carried out on the absorption of pure carbon dioxide into aqueous kaolin slurries containing sodium hydroxide by using a long wetted-wall column. The experimental data were in fairly good agreement with the theoretical predictions, the average deviation being 3.0%. The discussion on the effect of the power-law index of the liquid upon the reaction factor suggested an approximate method of estimating the reaction factors for power-law liquids.     

High-temperature creep of yttrium-aluminium garnet single crystals

High-temperature creep in single crystals of Y₃Al₅O₁₂ (YAG) was studied by constant strainrate compression tests. The creep resistance of YAG is very high: a stress of ~ 300 MPa is needed to deform at a strain rate of 10^–6 (s^–1) at a temperature as high as 1900 K (~0.84 T _m, (melting temperature)). YAG deforms using the 111 {1¯10} slip systems following a power law with stress exponent n ~ 3 and activation energy E* ~ 720 kJ mol^–1. However, a small dependence of n on temperature and of E* on stress was observed. This stress-dependence of activation energy combined with the observed dislocation microstructures suggests that the high creep resistance of YAG is due to the difficulty of dislocation glide as opposed to the difficulty of climb. Present dislocation creep data are compared with diffusion creep data and a deformation mechanism map is constructed. Large transition stresses (2–3 GPa for 10 m grain size) are predicted, implying that deformation of most fine-grained YAG will occur by diffusion creep.     

Synthesis of highly conjugated poly(3,9-carbazolyleneethynylenearylene)s emitting variously colored fluorescence

Novel conjugated polymers P1–P7 containing 3,9-linked carbazole units in the main chain were synthesized by the polycondensation of 3-ethynyl-9-(4-ethynylphenyl)carbazole (EEPCz) and dihaloarenes, and their optical and electrical properties were studied. Polymers with weight-average molecular weights of 4100–48,000 were obtained in 24–92% yields by the Sonogashira coupling polycondensation in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/Et₃N at 30 or 50 °C for 48 h. All the polymers absorbed light around 350 nm. The polymers with electron-accepter units exhibited absorption bands originating from charge transfer. The polymers except the one containing azobenzenes emitted variously colored fluorescence with moderate quantum yields upon excitation at the absorption maxima. P1–P3 were oxidized around 0.6 V, and then reduced around 0.5 V. The conductivity of P3 was 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴ S/cm at 10³ V/cm.     

Improving PDP picture quality by means of a motion-dependent equalizing-pulse technique

Abstract— When moving images are displayed on color plasma displays, motional artifacts such as dynamic false contours with disturbances of gray scales and colors are often observed. Reduction of the disturbances is essential to achieve PDPs with acceptable picture quality for TV use. The moving-picture quality can be improved to some extent by using an equalizing-pulse technique which augments or suppresses light-emission to compensate for the lack or surplus from the original signal. The disturbances, however, become significant as the speed of motion increases. In order to reduce the disturbances, the equalizing pulses are weighted according to the speed and direction of motion. The improvement can be enhanced further by combining the technique with a modified-binary-coded light-emission-period scheme. Disturbance is thus reduced by 82 dB. The technique is applicable to images moving at any speed in any direction. It can also be used for any pixel arrangement and any light-emission scheme.     

Bacterial Alarmone,Guanosine 5′‐Diphosphate 3′‐Diphosphate (ppGpp), Predominantly Binds the β′ Subunit of Plastid‐Encoded Plastid RNA Polymerase in Chloroplasts

It's alarming : Bacterial alarmone guanosine 5′‐diphosphate 3′‐diphosphate (ppGpp), which is a key regulatory molecule that controls the stringent response, also exists in chloroplasts of plant cells. Cross‐linking experiments with 6‐thioguanosine 5′‐diphosphate 3′‐diphosphate (6‐thioppGpp) and chloroplast RNA polymerase indicate that ppGpp binds the β′ subunit of plastid‐encoded plastid RNA polymerase that corresponds to the Escherichia coli β′ subunit.

     

用于填充白炭黑轮胎的化学改性E-SBR

由于汽车制造商面对环保压力，降低滚动阻力已变得重要。化学改性E－SBR在白炭黑填充的胶料中表现出良好的滞后损失性能。     

Fracture mechanical properties and neutron irradiation effects of fuel compacts for the HTTR

To simulate the nuclear fuel for High Temperature Engineering Testing Reactor (HTTR), fuel compact models using SiC-kernel coated particles instead of UO₂-kernel coated particles were prepared under the same conditions as those for the real fuel compact. The mechanical and fracture mechanics properties were studied at room temperature. The thermal shock resistance and fracture toughness for thermal stresses of the fuel compact were experimentally assessed by means of arc discharge heating applied at a central area of the disk specimens. These model specimens were then neutron irradiated in the Japan Material Testing Reactor (JMTR) for fluences up to 1.7 × 10²¹n/cm² (E ·> 29 fJ) at 900°C ± 50°C. The effects of irradiation on a series of fracture mechanical properties were evaluated and compared with the cases of graphite IG-110 used as the core materials in the HTTR.