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71.
72.
A recursive method based on the Kalman filtering is developed to solve inverse natural convection problems of estimating
the unsteady nonuniform wall heat flux from temperature measurements in the flow. By employing the Karhunen–Loève Galerkin
procedure that reduces the Boussinesq equation to a small set of ordinary differential equations, the computational difficulties
associated with the Kalman filtering for the partial differential equations are overcome. The present method is assessed through
several numerical experiments, and is found to yield satisfactory results.
Received 20 January 2001 / Accepted 31 May 2001 相似文献
73.
Hayden J.D. Taft R.C. Kenkare P. Mazure C. Gunderson C. Nguyen B.-Y. Woo M. Lage C. Roman B.J. Radhakrishna S. Subrahmanyan R. Sitaram A.R. Pelley P. Lin J.-H. Kemp K. Kirsch H. 《Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on》1994,41(12):2318-2325
An advanced, high-performance, quadruple well, quadruple polysilicon BiCMOS technology has been developed for fast 16 Mb SRAM's. A split word-line bitcell architecture, using four levels of polysilicon and two self-aligned contacts, achieves a cell area of 8.61 μm2 with conventional I-line lithography and 7.32 μm2 with I-line plus phase-shift or with deep UV lithography. The process features PELOX isolation to provide a 1.0 μm active pitch, MOSFET transistors designed for a 0.80 μm gate poly pitch, a double polysilicon bipolar transistor with aggressively scaled parasitics, and a thin-film polysilicon transistor to enhance bitcell stability. A quadruple-well structure improves soft error rate (SER) and allows simultaneous optimization of MOSFET and bipolar performance 相似文献
74.
75.
In recent years, the topic of knowledge production has been widely investigated in the advanced countries. However, the process
by which knowledge is produced in the developing countries has not been fully explored or characterized. In Korea, the science
and engineering fields strongly reflect systems of knowledge production in the universities and demonstrate the dynamics of
systems of innovation for knowledge production. Through using a case study including data for knowledge production, in the
field of information and telecommunication, the following general trends were observed. Firstly, there has been a trend towards
increasing the capabilities for knowledge production, via domestic and foreign collaboration. Secondly, there has been an
increasing trend towards the diversification of knowledge sources such as university-industry, and university-public research
institutes. Finally, the establishment of a nation's knowledge base is influenced by governmental research and development
policies.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
76.
77.
Fatigue growth of multiple-cracks near a row of fastener-holes in a fuselage lap-joint 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The fatigue growth of multiple cracks, of arbitrary lengths, emanating from a row of fastener holes in a bonded, riveted, lap joint in a pressurized aircraft fuselage is studied. The effects of residual stresses due to a rivet misfit, and of plastic deformation near the hole, are included. A Schwartz-Neumann alternating method which uses the analytical solution for a row of multiple colinear cracks in an infinite sheet (the crack-faces being subject to arbitrary tractions), is developed to analyze this MSD problem on a personal computer. It is found that for a range of crack lengths, a phenomena wherein the shorter cracks may grow faster than longer cracks may exist. 相似文献
78.
The effects of α‐form and β‐form nuclei on polymorphic morphology of poly(butylene adipate) (PBA) upon recrystallization from the molten state up to various Tmax values were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarized light microscopy (PLM). In this study, PBA with complex melting and polymorphism behaviour was used as a model for examining different types and extents of residual nuclei. As the PBA initially containing the sole α‐crystal was brought to a molten state of various Tmax, the extents of trace α‐form crystal nuclei varied and were dependent on Tmax. Furthermore, it did not matter whether, initially, the PBA contained α‐ or β‐form crystals (or both) because only a single type of α‐nuclei could be left upon treatment to the molten liquid state at Tmax. Therefore, only the α‐crystal in PBA had ‘memory capacity’ in the molten liquid state while the β‐crystal did not. This was so because the latter had been completely transformed into the solid state prior to being heated into a liquid. PBA crystallized before α‐nuclei could be packed into α‐crystal, regardless of the crystallization temperature (Tc). For recrystallization from molten PBA without any nuclei, the crystalline polymorphism was correspondingly influenced by Tc. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
79.
Microwave induced plasma processing was used to sinter synthetic Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) alumina and zirconia based high level nuclear waste calcines in a nitrogen atmosphere. The microwave densification behaviour of these nuclear waste calcines was observed parallel with identification of the phases formed after sintering. Sintered densities of > 3.20 g cm–3 were obtained within 10 min of microwave sintering of pure calcines. Glass frit containing calcines showed lower sintering densities (< 2.0 g cm–3) due to reactions between the frit and volatile substances in both zirconia based and alumina based calcines; prior removal of frit volatiles increased the sintered density. Phases formed in the microwave sintered calcines were identified by X-ray diffraction. 相似文献
80.
Seoijin Park R. Leavitt R. Enck V. Luciani Y. Hu P.J.S. Heim D. Bowler M. Dagenais 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(5):980-982
A semiconductor optical amplifier was developed for coarse wavelength-division-multiplexing (CWDM) operating over 1540-1620 nm (C-L band). A unique quantum-well structure was designed to meet the requirements for the CWDM operation such as wide bandwidth, low polarization-dependent gain, and high-saturation power at the short wavelength end of the band (1540 nm). Over the band, 24-dB maximum chip gain was obtained with less than 4.3-dB gain flatness and more than 14.6-dBm saturation power. 相似文献