Design and implementation of a high‐efficiency bidirectional DC‐DC Converter for DC micro‐grid system applications

This paper studies the design and implementation of a non‐isolated dual‐half‐bridge bidirectional DC‐DC converter for DC micro‐grid system applications. High efficiency can be achieved under wide‐range load variations by the zero‐voltage‐switching features and an adaptive phase‐shift control method. A three‐stage charging scheme is designed to meet the fast‐charging demand and prolong the lifetime of LiFePO₄ batteries. A digital‐signal‐processing control IC is used to realize the power flow control, DC‐bus voltage regulation, and battery charging/ discharging of the studied bidirectional DC‐DC converter. Finally, a 10 kW prototype converter with Enhanced Controller Area Network communication function is built and tested for micro‐grid system applications. A light‐load efficiency over 96% and a rated‐load efficiency over 98% can be achieved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GMI,an Immunomodulatory Peptide from Ganoderma microsporum,Restrains Periprosthetic Joint Infections via Modulating the Functions of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Effector T Cells

Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection are difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. It is known that the biofilms from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) promote expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to suppress T-cell proliferation and benefit bacterial infections. This study finds that GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory peptide isolated from Ganoderma microsporum, suppresses MDSC expansion to promote the proliferation of cytotoxic T cells. The enhancement is likely attributed to increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α and reduction in ROS expression. Similar beneficial effects of GMI on the suppression of MDSC expansion and IL-6 expression are also observed in the whole blood and reduces the accumulation of MDSCs in the infected bone region in a mouse PJI infection model. This study shows that GMI is potentially useful for treating S. aureus-induced PJIs.     

Glutathione S-Transferase M3 Is Associated with Glycolysis in Intrinsic Temozolomide-Resistant Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor. The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with GBM remains <30% on average despite aggressive treatments, and secondary therapy fails in 90% of patients. In chemotherapeutic failure, detoxification proteins are crucial to the activity of chemotherapy drugs. Usually, glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily members act as detoxification enzymes by activating xenobiotic metabolites through conjugation with glutathione in healthy cells. However, some overexpressed GSTs not only increase GST activity but also trigger chemotherapy resistance and tumorigenesis-related signaling transductions. Whether GSTM3 is involved in GBM chemoresistance remains unclear. In the current study, we found that T98G, a GBM cell line with pre-existing temozolomide (TMZ) resistance, has high glycolysis and GSTM3 expression. GSTM3 knockdown in T98G decreased glycolysis ability through lactate dehydrogenase A activity reduction. Moreover, it increased TMZ toxicity and decreased invasion ability. Furthermore, we provide next-generation sequencing–based identification of significantly changed messenger RNAs of T98G cells with GSTM3 knockdown for further research. GSTM3 was downregulated in intrinsic TMZ-resistant T98G with a change in the expression levels of some essential glycolysis-related genes. Thus, GSTM3 was associated with glycolysis in chemotherapeutic resistance in T98G cells. Our findings provide new insight into the GSTM3 mechanism in recurring GBM.     

Targeting Intra-Pulmonary P53-Dependent Long Non-Coding RNA Expression as a Therapeutic Intervention for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with significant mortality, requiring a thorough understanding of its complex mechanisms to develop novel therapeutics for disease control. Activated p53-dependent apoptosis with dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression is involved in the SLE pathogenesis and correlated with clinical activity. We examined the expression of apoptosis-related p53-dependent lncRNA, including H19, HOTAIR and lincRNA-p21 in SLE-associated DAH patients. Increased lincRNA-p21 levels were detected in circulating mononuclear cells, mainly in CD4+ and CD14+ cells. Higher expression of p53, lincRNA-p21 and cell apoptosis was identified in lung tissues. Lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-transduced stable transfectants were created for examining the targeting efficacy in lncRNA. Under pristane stimulation, alveolar epithelial cells had increased p53, lincRNA-p21 and downstream Bax levels with elevated apoptotic ratios. After pristane injection, C57/BL6 mice developed DAH with increased pulmonary expression of p53, lincRNA-p21 and cell apoptosis. Intra-pulmonary delivery of shRNA targeting lincRNA-p21 reduced hemorrhage frequencies and improved anemia status through decreasing Bax expression and cell apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate increased p53-dependent lncRNA expression with accelerated cell apoptosis in the lungs of SLE-associated DAH patients, and show the therapeutic potential of targeting intra-pulmonary lncRNA expression in a pristane-induced model of DAH.     

离子色谱-双波长紫外检测法同时测定水中碘酸盐和碘离子的含量

目的建立离子色谱-双波长紫外检测法同时测定水中碘酸盐和碘离子的分析方法。方法水样过0.22μm滤膜后直接进样测定,水中碘酸根和碘离子通过离子色谱柱分离,紫外检测器分别在200nm和226nm处检测。结果碘酸根和碘离子在0.01~1.00mg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r分别为0.99953和0.99950,检出限为0.004和0.005mg/L,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)为2.8%和2.7%(n=8)。低(0.05mg/L)、中(0.10mg/L)、高(0.50mg/L)3个浓度IO_3~-和I~-加标回收率范围为94%~106%和92%~102%,精密度为1.04%~4.82%和0.75%~4.47%。结论本方法操作简单、准确度高、精密度好、线性范围宽,适用于水中碘酸盐和碘离子的测定。     

Electrochemical synthesis of a double‐layer film of ZnO nanosheets/nanoparticles and its application for dye‐sensitized solar cells

A double‐layer film, consisting of an upper layer of ZnO nanosheets and a lower layer of ZnO nanoparticles (designated as ZnONS/NP), was synthesized for the photoanode of a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by a one‐step potentiostatic electrodeposition on a conducting fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrate at 70 °C in a solution containing zinc nitrate and sodium acetate, followed by the pyrolysis of the film at 300 °C. The growth mechanism of the double‐layer nanostructure was studied by monitoring the morphological changes at various periods of electrodeposition. The effects of the concentration of acetate anion on the morphology of the double‐layer structure were also studied. The double‐layer film of ZnONS/NP showed a better self‐established light scattering property, compared with that of a thin film of ZnO nanoparticles, prepared without acetate anion. The concentration of an acetate anion in the electrolyte for the electrodeposition of the double‐layer film, the electrodeposition period, and the period for dye adsorption were optimized for obtaining the best performance for a DSSC with a photoanode consisting of the double layer. A metal‐free dye, coded as D149, was used in this research. A conversion efficiency of 4.65% was achieved for a DSSC (0.2376 cm²) with the photoanode, consisting of the double‐layer film, under 100 mW/cm² illumination in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm. X‐ray diffraction patterns, thermo gravimetric curves, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopic images, transmission electron microscopic image, transmission spectra, and electrochemical impedance spectra were used to explain observations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

智能电网对低碳电力系统的支撑作用

世界范围内低碳经济的发展趋势和中国＂十二五＂节能减排的工作要求,对国内电力系统的安全可靠运行和绿色经济发展提出了新的更高要求,如何应对和适应外部环境的变化,形成功能可靠、机制可行的低碳电力系统成为当前需要回答的重要问题。从保障供电安全可靠性的角度,分析了低碳电力系统所需具备的基本功能,阐述了低碳电力系统实现的4项机制和...     

风电并网时基于需求侧响应的输电规划模型

在输电规划中引入需求侧响应机制,能够促使用户根据实时供用电情况改变电量消费行为,这有利于提高电网运行的灵活性,是应对风电并网不确定性问题的有效手段。综合考虑了风电机组出力的不确定性,建立了风电出力估算模型,并在输电规划目标函数中引入需求侧响应成本,建立了基于需求侧响应机制的输电规划模型,采用贪婪随机自适应搜索过程(greedy randomized adaptive search procedure,GRASP)对模型进行求解。根据Garver 6节点和IEEE-24节点系统测算基于需求侧响应机制的输电规划模型,并通过与一般输电规划模型对比,验证了基于需求侧响应机制的输电规划模型的有效性。     

应用远场涡流检测技术监测在役受热面管壁减薄况的工艺研究

针对常规受热面管壁厚监测方法的不足,提出运用远场涡流检测技术对受热面管壁厚进行监测.在介绍远场涡流检测技术基本原理的基础上,讨论了应用远场涡流检测技术监测管壁减薄的工艺要点,包括检测依据确定、检测系统选取、标样管设计、检测系统调校等.实际检测案例证明,远场涡流检测技术是监测受热面管壁减薄状况的一种行之有效的手段.     

应用ANSYS的复合材料层合板静强度预测

复合材料层合板的静强度预测对于层合板设计和应用都具有重要的意义。为了提高预测的有效性,减少实验成本,在基于单层板理论的逐渐累积损伤的静强度预测方法的基础上,提出了用于二维机织复合材料静强度的预测方法。首先,以ANSYS有限元分析软件作为平台,利用其自带的APDL参数化语言建立有限元模型,并将铺层方式设定为[(0,90)/(±45)/(0,90)/(±45)/(0,90)]s,然后经过ANSYS软件的计算,得到最终的预测结果,最后制作该铺层方式的复合材料层合板并作拉伸实验,得到其实验强度,通过对比预测结果和实验结果验证了该预测方法的有效性。