Polydimethylsiloxane Fluidic Device with Polydopamine‐Coated Inner Channel for Production of Uniform Droplets

A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based fluidic device with two flow channels is fabricated by using a rapid prototyping method. The PDMS‐based fluidic device is used to produce water‐in‐oil emulsion (W/O) droplets due to its intrinsic hydrophobicity. To produce uniform oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion droplets, the inner channel of the PDMS fluidic device is coated with polydopamine (PDA) by flowing a dopamine precursor in the water channel of the fluidic device. The PDA coating is confirmed by an increase in morphological roughness and nitrogen content. In addition, the contact angle of the PDMS surface decreases from 95° to 30° during PDA coating, suggesting that the inner surface of the fluidic device is hydrophilic. Uniform W/O and O/W emulsion droplets are produced by the pristine PDMS and PDA‐coated PDMS fluidic devices, respectively.

     

基于数值模拟的太阳能直拉硅单晶热场降耗研究

通过计算机数值模拟仿真技术分析了TDR-95A-ZJS型22英寸太阳能直拉硅单晶热场结构中影响能耗的主要因素。基于模拟结果提出了通过改变部分热场结构及保温毡布局等优化措施可有效降低原有热场功耗。实际生产实验表明,优化后的热场在保证晶体生长原有质量前提下较原有热场节能29%。     

电容传感器线性度标定平台

设计了一种电容位移传感器在线标定平台,用于位移的高精度调节和检测。该平台的运动对称中心轴、测量光路的对称中心轴和传感器的传感轴共轴,故从测量原理上减小了阿贝误差。标定平台具有z/tip/tilt调节功能,保证了传感器的传感面和被测面板的被测面之间的装调对准。介绍了标定平台的组成和标定方法的原理,采用对称平行四边形机构实现了微位移调节,基于柔度矩阵法(CMM)分析了导向机构的输出柔度和行程。试验测得动平台行程为735.162μm,和有限元法(FEM)、CMM计算结果的误差分别为7.410%和4.633%,满足行程误差要求。经过标定补偿后,传感器的线性度由0.014 21%提高至0.006 231%。实验结果显示,该线性度标定方法精度高,标定后的传感器满足位移精密调节机构使用要求。     

Influence of Particle Velocity of Copper on Emitter Contact by Cold-Spray Method

In this study, we investigated cold-sprayed copper as a front contact for crystalline silicon solar cells. Copper powder was deposited on a monocrystalline silicon wafer with variation of the particle velocity during deposition. The particle velocity was varied by varying the heating temperature from 250 to 400 °C using a gas pressure of 0.45 MPa. The particle velocities were calculated using empirical equations, and were found to increase with an increase in the carrier gas temperature. Grid patterns were formed on a phosphorus-doped n-type emitter of a p-type silicon substrate. The electrode thickness increased with increasing particle velocity. The electrical properties of the grids were evaluated using the transfer length method. The specific contact resistance of the n-type emitter was in the range of 2.6-26.4 mΩ-cm². Damage to the p-n junction was investigated via minority carrier lifetime measurement of the substrate. The copper-silicon interface was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. The contact properties were affected by the interface conditions.     

Disassembly leveling and lot sizing for multiple product types: a basic model and its extension

We consider two interrelated problems that occurred in disassembly systems: disassembly leveling and lot sizing. Disassembly leveling, one of disassembly process planning decisions, is to determine disassembly structures that specify parts and/or subassemblies to be obtained from disassembling used/end-of-life products, and disassembly lot sizing is the problem of determining the amounts of disassembly operations required to satisfy the demands of their parts and/or subassemblies. Unlike the existing studies, this study considers the two problems at the same time for the objective of minimizing the sum of disassembly setup and operation costs. In particular, we consider a generalized version in which disassembly levels may be different even for products of the same type. Two types of the problem are considered in this study. The first one is the basic problem without parts commonality, i.e., products do not share their parts or subassemblies, for which a polynomial time optimal algorithm is suggested after developing a mathematical programming model. The second one is an extended problem with parts commonality. After developing another mathematical programming model for the extension, we prove that it is NP hard. Then, a heuristic algorithm is suggested together with its computational results.     

High-temperature thermo-mechanical behavior of functionally graded materials produced by plasma sprayed coating: Experimental and modeling results

Thermal barrier coatings are widely used in aerospace industries to protect exterior surfaces from harsh environments. In this study, functionally graded materials (FGMs) were investigated with the aim to optimize their high temperature resistance and strength characteristics. NiCrAlY bond coats were deposited on Inconel-617 superalloy substrate specimens by the low vacuum plasma spraying technique. Functionally graded Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings with gradually varying amounts of YSZ (20%-100%) were fabricated from composite powders by vacuum plasma spraying. Heat shield performance tests were conducted using a high- temperature plasma torch. The temperature distributions were measured using thermocouples at the interfaces of the FGM layers during the tests. A model for predicting the temperature at the bond coating–substrate interface was established. The temperature distributions simulated using the finite element method agreed well with the experimental results.