An Ensemble Application of Conflict-Resolving ART-Based Neural Networks to Fault Detection and Diagnosis

Accurate fault detection and diagnosis is important for secure and profitable operation of modern power systems.In this paper,an ensemble of conflict-resolving Fuzzy ARTMAP classifiers,known as Probabilistic Multiple Fuzzy ARTMAP with Dynamic Decay Adjustment(PMFAMDDA),for accurate discrimination between normal and faulty operating conditions of a Circulating Water(CW)system in a power generation plant is proposed.The decisions of PMFAMDDA are reached through a probabilistic plurality voting strategy that is in agreement with the Bayesian theorem.The results of the proposed PMFAMDDA model are compared with those from an ensemble of Probabilistic Multiple Fuzzy ARTMAP(PMFAM)classifiers.The outcomes reveal that PMFAMDDA,in general,outperforms PMFAM in discriminating operating conditions of the CW system.     

Yield and Quality of Tofu as Affected by Soybean and Soymilk Characteristics. Calcium Sulfate Coagulant

Nine light hilum soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) varieties were used to study the characteristics of soybeans and soymilk that affect the yield and quality of tofu coagulated with calcium sulfate. The yield of tofu was not affected by the size of soybeans. Soybean varieties high in protein, fat and phosphorus contents produce tofu with higher protein, fat and phosphorus contents. Two models for predicting the yield of tofu were proposed. According to model one, soymilk with higher pH and total solids gives a higher yield of tofu. According to model two, soybeans high in protein and ash and low in phosphorus give a higher yield of tofu.     

Integral action in the optimal control of linear systems with some inaccessible state variables†

Optimal feedback control for linear systems with the usual quadratic performance index which penalizes the state and the magnitude of the control is often difficult to apply because of the requirement of complete state measurement and lack of integral mode. A technique is presented, which introduces integral mode into the optimal control law and does not require the measurement of all of the state variables during the dynamic period. The control produced is equivalent to the original optimal Kalman feedback when external disturbance is absent, and during the period of constant disturbance the method yields a trajectory which can be made arbitrarily close to the optimal trajectory without disturbance.     

Mean-square stability of stochastic differential time-lag systems

Two sets of sufficient conditions for the mean-square asymptotic stability of the equilibrium state of linear differential time-lag systems with non-stationary random coefficients are derived. Each of the sets of sufficient conditions is then shown to be equivalent to a corresponding unconstrained optimization problem. Hence, it can readily be solved by standard efficient optimization techniques. The usual trial-and-error method of finding the required parameters to satisfy the stability conditions can now be avoided.     

DRIFT CONTROL OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS WITH UNIT LOAD METHOD

The use of displacement participation factors obtained by the unit load method provides an effective drift control tool for high-rise buildings. Structural sensitivity coefficients and displacement participation factors for members in a structure with respect to the lateral displacement to be controlled are computed and used for identifying active members and their corresponding displacement components. The drift control method using the displacement participation factors with a variable linking strategy is formulated into an optimization problem to determine the amount of material to be modified. Using the drift control method, a structural design model for a high-rise building is proposed and applied to one verifying example and two moment resisting frames. Time consuming trial-and-error processes related to the structural design of a high-rise building is avoided by the proposed structural design model. As demonstrated in the examples, the maximum lateral displacements of the examples are reduced by 57·05, 40·0 and 16·36% without changing the total weights of the structures. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sediment provenance discrimination in northern Okinawa Trough during the last 24 ka and paleoenvironmental implication:rare earth elements evidence

Rare earth elements(REE) compositions and discriminant function were successfully used to examine high resolution sediment source changes in the northern Okinawa Trough over the last 24.1 ka,especially for the influence from the Yellow River and the Tsushima Warm Current(TWC) that has not been well solved.Variations of these parameters were clearly divided into three distinct depositional units.During Interval 1(24.1-16.0 ka BP),the paleo-Yellow River and the paleo-Yangtze River mouths were situated near the studied area and could have played major roles in the sedimentation therein.In Interval 2(16.0-7.3 ka BP),these river mouths gradually retreated with global sea-level rise,leading to less fluvial inputs from them to the northern Okinawa Trough.Meanwhile,formation of the TWC could carry some sediment loads of Taiwan to the studied core,especially during its late phase(8.0-7.3 ka BP).Modern oceanographic conditions,with a predominance of the TWC,were finally established since the beginning of Interval 3,causing more terrigenous contribution from Taiwan to the studied area.Sub-sequently,modern depositional environments mainly influenced by the Yellow River,the Yangtze River,and the TWC were finally formed.     

ECONOMIC DESIGN OF REFRIGERATED AUTOMATED STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS

The objective of this paper is the development of a design model for refrigerated automated storage and retrieval systems (R-AS/RS). Compared with ordinary unit-load AS/RS, the R-AS/RS under this study has several different design and operating characteristics: (I) greater emphasis is placed on the storage function and so it has a double-depth lane in the storage rack; (2) cooling units are required to maintain a cold temperature environment in the system; (3) the maximum number of storage orders handled per unit time is limited by the system capacity. Considering the above characteristics, the design problem is formulated as a non-linear mixed integer programming problem in which the cost of the system is minimized. The decision variables are the storage volume, the number of storage and retrieval (S/R) machines, the type and number of cooling units, and the physical configuration of the building. A case problem is solved to illustrate the model.