Estimate of the Hazard Probability in Handling Radiation-Toxic Substances

The dangers in shipping containers holding radioactive materials is analyzed. A method is proposed for estimating the hazard probability in an accident during shipment of radiation-toxic substances. The fact that the shipment includes all operations and conditions associated with the handling of radioactive materials is taken into account (design, fabrication, and servicing of the packing units, preparation, processing, shipment, and storage of radioactive materials). 9 references.     

Models of Ceramic Tritium Breeding Zones in the Blanket of a Thermonuclear Reactor

The development, performed in the 1980s–1990s, of models of tritium breeding zones for blankets of thermonuclear reactors, based on the use of ceramic lithium-containing materials, is described. 5 figures, 1 table.     

Accuracy aspects in multiphase flow metering using X-raytransmission

The composition of a mixture of several components flowing through a pipe can be determined by means of an X-ray transmission technique/analysis. We present some aspects of the theory relating to an application in which the component volume fractions of an oil, water, and gas mixture are determined. It will be shown that on fundamental grounds, this technique has its limits regarding the number of components that can be distinguished in relation to the achieved accuracy of the measured attenuation     

Compatibility of Structural Materials with Sodium According to Data from the Experience Gained in 40 Years of Operation of the BR-5/BR-10 Reactor

The results of investigations of the corrosion characteristics of samples of structural materials cut from the main sodium loops of a BR-5/BR-10 sodium-cooled research reactor during operation over the period 1959–1999 are presented. Analysis of the results of the materials-engineering investigations show that the sodium coolant has good corrosion characteristics and that the operating lifetime of sodium equipment in commercial fast reactors can be increased to 60 yr and longer.     

Approximation of the Kinetics Equations and Determination of Regions of Stability of Automatic Nuclear-Reactor Startup Systems

The question of determining the regions of stability of automatic startup systems for nuclear reactors on the basis of a prescribed period in the parameter space of the automatic regulator and the kinetics equations of a reactor is studied.A one-group prompt-neutron method is proposed for approximating the six-group kinetics equations. This aaproximation simplifies the analytical expressions for the stability regions. The obtained approximate analytic expressions are used to construct the stability regions for two system variants.     

Silicon Wafer Bonding by Chemical Assembly of a Surface by Molecular Layering and Gas Cutting

It is suggested that chemical and heat treatment of surfaces under moist conditions (including also chemical assembly of a surface by molecular layering) and gas-cutting be used to fabricate silicon on insulator structures to obtain silicon wafer surfaces with prescribed chemical composition, activation, and surface modification.