A Predictive Instrument for Sensitive and Expedited Measurement of Ultra-Barrier Permeation

The reliable operation of flexible display devices poses a significant engineering challenge regarding the metrology of high barriers against water vapor. No reliable results have been reported in the range of 10^–6 g∙(m²∙d)⁻¹, and there is no standard ultra-barrier for calibration. To detect trace amount of water vapor permeation through an ultra-barrier with extremely high sensitivity and a greatly reduced test period, a predictive instrument was developed by integrating permeation models into high-sensitivity mass spectrometry measurement based on dynamic accumulation, detection, and evacuation of the permeant. Detection reliability was ensured by means of calibration using a standard polymer sample. After calibration, the lower detection limit for water vapor permeation is in the range of 10^–7 g∙(m²∙d)⁻¹, which satisfies the ultra-barrier requirement. Predictive permeation models were developed and evaluated using experimental data so that the steady-state permeation rate can be forecasted from non-steady-state results, thus enabling effective measurement of ultra-barrier permeation within a significantly shorter test period.     

Effect of electrode change on solidification of slag and metal pool profile in electroslag remelting process

A two-dimensional axisymmetric model is established to study the effect of electrode change on the solidification of slag and metal pool profile during electros...     

Urban building roof segmentation from airborne lidar point clouds

This article presents a new approach to segmenting building rooftops from airborne lidar point clouds. A progressive morphological filter technique is first applied for separation between ground and non-ground points. For the non-ground points, a region-growing algorithm based on a plane-fitting technique is used to separate building points from vegetation points. Then, an adaptive Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm based on a grid structure is developed to improve the probability of selecting an uncontained sample from the localized sampling. The distance, standard deviation and normal vector are integrated to keep topological consistency among building rooftop patches during building rooftop segmentation. Finally, the remaining points are mapped on to the extracted planes by a post-processing technique to improve the segmentation accuracy. The results for buildings with different roof complexities are presented and evaluated.     

Optimization of optical design for developing an LED lens module

In this study, a procedure for optimization of an LED lens module design based on 3 LED light sources was divided into two phases. For preliminary optimization of the dimensions of the LED lens module in Stage I, an optical analysis with orthogonal arrays and TracePro (an optical design package) combined with analysis of variance was conducted to investigate relationships between the multiple optical quality characteristics (viewing angle and average illuminance) and dimension parameters and find the initial optimal parameter combination of the LED lens module. In Stage II, the initial optimal parameter combination determined in Stage I was employed to develop an orthogonal array L₂₅(5⁶) for optical simulation. The experimental data of the orthogonal array were used to train and test the back-propagation neural network to develop an optical quality predictor, which was integrated into the genetic algorithms and the particle swarm optimization in order to find the optimal parameter combination that conformed to optical quality. From the experimental results, the proposed optimization procedure contributes to a precise viewing angle to achieve the goal of optical quality and improved the average illuminance in development of the product. The procedure to optimize the optical design developed in this study can be applied to design all types of LED lens modules and improve the optical design and technology of the LED lens industry.     

Analysis of an in-plane micro-generator with various microcoil shapes

This study presents an analysis of an in-plane micro-generator with various microcoil shapes and multiple aspects of coupling, and reports the fabrication of a prototype micro-generator. It is important to establish analytical solutions for the micro-generator to predict the induced voltage. These analytical solutions can be used to estimate the micro-generator power to reduce the experimental time and the cost. Understanding the physical meanings of the variables can optimize the structure of the micro-electromagnetic generator. This model considers electromagnetism, kinematics, and geometry. The proposed in-plane rotary electromagnetic micro-generator was fabricated using low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology to co-fire the silver microcoils on the ceramic substrate with different shaped coils (e.g., square-shaped, circle-shaped and sector-shaped) both with the printing linewidth and 100 μm spacing of these microcoils. A planar permanent magnet with an outer diameter of 9 mm and a thickness of 700 μm was sintered by Nd/Fe/B. Its residual induction is 1.4 T. The experimental data in this study can be compared with analytical solutions. Analytical results show that the micro-generator with a sector-shaped microcoil generates a maximum effective value of 218.127 mV induced voltage at 1395.34 rad/s. Experimental measurements show a close agreement with these analytical solutions.     

Studying interconnections between two classes of two-stage fuzzy optimization problems

In this paper, we study two types of risk aversion two-stage fuzzy optimization problems. The first type is called two-stage fuzzy minimum risk problem (FMRP), while the second type is referred to as two-stage fuzzy value-at-risk problem (FVRP). In order to facilitate the solution of the two optimization problems, it is required to study the properties of FMRP and FVRP as well as their relationships. For this purpose, we first discuss the semicontinuity about the recourse function of two-stage FMRP. After that, we discuss the interconnections between optimal objective value of FMRP and that of FVRP, and the relationships between optimal solution of FMRP and that of FVRP. Using the obtained results, it would be possible to solve one two-stage optimization problem indirectly by solving its counterpart.     

Uncertain random variables: a mixture of uncertainty and randomness

In many cases, human uncertainty and objective randomness simultaneously appear in a system. In order to describe this phenomena, this paper presents a new concept of uncertain random variable. To measure uncertain random events, this paper also combines probability measure and uncertain measure into a chance measure. Based on the tool of chance measure, the concepts of chance distribution, expected value and variance of uncertain random variable are proposed.     

An integrated e-service model for electronic medical records

In this paper, we discuss the critical issues with the implementation of electronic medical records and argue that the emerging e-services will not fully resolve the issues if they do not work together. To meet the challenge, we propose an integrated e-service model consisting of both process- and data-oriented grids that glue together distributed electronic medical services, records, and application services. We also provide an implementation architecture and prototype that validates the model.     

论装饰装修施工的现场管理与协调

本文以装修施工现场管理与协调现状为基本出发点,结合现阶段装饰装修施工场地的管理现状,分析了施工进度的保障方式以及整体建筑结构安全的确保对策,旨在使建筑装修企业在确保装修工程质量的同时,满足不同的用户的建设要求,进而达到良好的装修效果,在为装修装饰工程提供现场管理与协调建议的同时,为施工现场管理提供技术支持。