用基团贡献法预测纯物质蒸气压

对应状态原理与基团贡献法结合，提出一个新的蒸气压估算方程（ＲＬＹＭ）。通过对烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、环烷烃、环烯烃、醇、环醇、酮、醚、芳烃、酚、萘在内的１７４种有机物质蒸气压实验数据的关联，获得了３０种基团的贡献参数值。新模型的预测精度优于现有的对应状态法，并且对高碳分子仍有较好的估算精度。总的关联误差小于１．１７％。     

一种派生式与创成式相结合的CAPP系统

本文结合为某机械厂开发的实用计算机辅助工艺设计系统(JJCAPP),论述了一种兼有派生式和创成式特点的综合式工艺自动设计方法.     

宣钢近北庄铁矿露采边坡稳定的结构分析

以宣钢近北庄铁矿露采边坡稳定性研究为例，说细说明了岩体结构分析方法的应用。     

钨铜合金药型罩及其性能

钨铜合金药型罩的应用可以提高射流对均质钢靶的侵彻能力.这一提高得益于射流密度的提高以及断裂时间的延长. 本文对钨铜合金射流及其断裂形态通过X光照像进行了研究.它的旋转效应及其炸高特性也进行了实验研究. 钨铜合金药型罩的威力实验在φ30 mm的破甲弹上进行.在相同装药条件下与紫铜罩相比,威力提高20～30%.     

Gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan solutions estimated in terms of concentration fluctuation

The gelation mechanism of agarose and κ-carrageenan aqueous solutions was investigated by using polarized light scattering and X-ray diffraction techniques in terms of the liquid-liquid phase separation. When an incident beam of He-Ne gas laser was directed to the gel prepared by quenching the agarose solution, the logarithm of scattered intensity increased linearly in the initial stage and tended to deviate from this linear relationship in the latter stage. If the linear increase in the initial stage could be analyzed within the framework of the linear theory of spinodal decomposition proposed by Cahn, the phase diagram indicated that the gelation is attributed to the phase separation due to the concentration fluctuation of solution. Furthermore, in the later stage showing the deviation of the linear relationship, light scattering under Hv polarization condition showed a X-type pattern indicating the existence of optically anisotropic rods, the optical axes being parallel or perpendicular with respect to the rod axis. In spite of the existence of the rods, no crystallites were confirmed by the corresponding X-ray diffraction and DSC measurements. For κ-carrageenan solutions, the logarithm of scattered intensity against time showed a constant value. This indicated that the gelation of κ-carrageenan solutions is independent of liquid-liquid phase separation but is due to the rapid formation of cross-linking points. Accordingly it turns out that the small difference of chemical structure between agarose and κ-carrageenan causes quite different gelation mechanism.     

采用先进技术提高装置运行水平

介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司高桥分公司 1.4Mt/a同轴式重油催化裂化装置的特点和生产情况。为了满足市场需求 ,提高经济效益 ,几年来在该装置上又采用了一些新技术 ,使装置的运转水平进一步提高。如应用降烯烃催化剂GOR Q ,与使用MLC 5 0 0催化剂相比 ,汽油烯烃体积含量约 30 % ,下降 8～ 10个百分点 ;汽油辛烷值基本不变 ;产品分布改善 ;液体收率增加 ;柴油性质变化不大。又如最大量烷烃异构化 (MIP)新型提升管反应系统的应用 ,与常规催化裂化相比 ,产品分布相当 ,汽油的烯烃体积含量下降至 30 %～ 35 % ,MON增加 0 .5～ 0 .8个单位 ,RON下降幅度不大于 0 .5个单位     

2,3,4- or 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans: catalyst-controlled highly regioselective ring-opening cycloisomerization reaction of cyclopropenyl ketones

2,3,4- or 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans were highly regioselectively formed from the cycloisomerization reaction of the same starting cyclopropenes 1 via the subtle choice of the transition metal halides. Under the catalysis of 5 mol % PdCl2(CH3CN)2, 2,3,5-trisubstituted furans 2 were given in 50-88% yields with 95-99% regioselectivities, while 2,3,4-trisubstituted furans 3 were formed in 78-96% yields with 99% regioselectivities under the catalysis of 5 mol % CuI.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of Acicular Lead Titanate Fine Powders

A pure, acicular lead titanate (PbTiO₃) fine powder with a white color has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. It is a new phase of PbTiO₃ with I 4 symmetry, cell parameters of a = 12.358 Å and b = 14.541 Å, and a density of 6.80 g.cm⁻³. The influences of pH (12.5 to 14.4), Pb/Ti ratio (1.0 to 1.6) in the feedstock, reaction temperature (130° to 230°C), time (0.25 to 4 h), starting materials, and additives on the formation of acicular PbTiO₃ under hydrothermal conditions have been investigated. The acicular PbTiO₃ with I 4 symmetry, referred to as the PX phase, can be converted to the perovskite-type (PE phase) of PbTiO₃ at about 605°C while its acicular morphology is essentially unchanged. The preferable conditions for preparing pure acicular PX-phase PbTiO₃ are that the pH is 13.0 to 14.0, Pb/Ti ratio is >1.3, reaction temperature is 170° to 200°C, time is 0.5 to 1.0 h, titanium butoxide (Ti[O(CH₂)₃CH₃]₄) is the starting material, and poly(vinyl alcohol) is an additive. The acicular grain of the PX phase is usually less than 100 nm in diameter and more than 1000 nm in length.     

自发参量下转换光场的实验研究进展综述

自发参量下转换(spontaneous parametric down-conversion,SPDC)光场是基于单色泵浦光子流和量子真空噪声对非线性晶体的综合作用而产生的,它固有的量子起源决定了在非经典光场研究中的重要地位和作用.对SPDC光场的相干特性和它在绝对测量光电探测器量子效率中的应用进行了深入而细致的研究和探讨.