Facial expression recognition using constructive feedforward neural networks

A new technique for facial expression recognition is proposed, which uses the two-dimensional (2D) discrete cosine transform (DCT) over the entire face image as a feature detector and a constructive one-hidden-layer feedforward neural network as a facial expression classifier. An input-side pruning technique, proposed previously by the authors, is also incorporated into the constructive learning process to reduce the network size without sacrificing the performance of the resulting network. The proposed technique is applied to a database consisting of images of 60 men, each having five facial expression images (neutral, smile, anger, sadness, and surprise). Images of 40 men are used for network training, and the remaining images of 20 men are used for generalization and testing. Confusion matrices calculated in both network training and generalization for four facial expressions (smile, anger, sadness, and surprise) are used to evaluate the performance of the trained network. It is demonstrated that the best recognition rates are 100% and 93.75% (without rejection), for the training and generalizing images, respectively. Furthermore, the input-side weights of the constructed network are reduced by approximately 30% using our pruning method. In comparison with the fixed structure back propagation-based recognition methods in the literature, the proposed technique constructs one-hidden-layer feedforward neural network with fewer number of hidden units and weights, while simultaneously provide improved generalization and recognition performance capabilities.     

A combined backstepping and small-gain approach to robust adaptive fuzzy control for strict-feedback nonlinear systems

In this paper, a robust adaptive tracking control problem is discussed for a general class of strict-feedback uncertain nonlinear systems. The systems may possess a wide class of uncertainties referred to as unstructured uncertainties, which are not linearly parameterized and do not have any prior knowledge of the bounding functions. The Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the uncertainties. A unified and systematic procedure is employed to derive two kinds of novel robust adaptive tracking controllers by use of the input-to-state stability (ISS) and by combining the backstepping technique and generalized small gain approach. One is the robust adaptive fuzzy tracking controller (RAFTC) for the system without input gain uncertainty. The other is the robust adaptive fuzzy sliding tracking controller (RAFSTC) for the system with input gain uncertainty. Both algorithms have two advantages, those are, semi-global uniform ultimate boundedness of adaptive control system in the presence of unstructured uncertainties and the adaptive mechanism with minimal learning parameterizations. Four application examples, including a pendulum system with motor, a one-link robot, a ship roll stabilization with actuator and a single-link manipulator with flexible joint, are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and performance of proposed schemes.     

Design a progressive video caching policy for video proxy servers

Proxy servers have been used to cache web objects to alleviate the load of the web servers and to reduce network congestion on the Internet. In this paper, a central video server is connected to a proxy server via wide area networks (WANs) and the proxy server can reach many clients via local area networks (LANs). We assume a video can be either entirely or partially cached in the proxy to reduce WAN bandwidth consumption. Since the storage space and the sustained disk I/O bandwidth are limited resources in the proxy, how to efficiently utilize these resources to maximize the WAN bandwidth reduction is an important issue. We design a progressive video caching policy in which each video can be cached at several levels corresponding to cached data sizes and required WAN bandwidths. For a video, the proxy server determines to cache a smaller amount of data at a lower level or to gradually accumulate more data to reach a higher level. The proposed progressive caching policy allows the proxy to adjust caching amount for each video based on its resource condition and the user access pattern. We investigate the scenarios in which the access pattern is priorly known or unknown and the effectiveness of the caching policy is evaluated.     

电站机组瞬态过程性能监测初探

建立了汽轮机系统的瞬态数学模型和电厂主要经济性能指标详细计算模型 ,与已有的锅炉动态数学模型组成电厂主要瞬态性能数学模型 ;应用连接策略将模型各模块连接为整体 ;针对某 2 0 0MW机组 ,进行了给水流量减少 5 % ,燃料量减少 2 6 %时机组瞬态经济性能的计算 ,并对计算结果进行了分析。从而为进一步得到在各种工况下 ,包括工况变动幅度较大时机组较准确的性能分析奠定了基础     

最大限度地发挥国产优秀影片的功效

以“三个代表”重要思想为指导 ,用优秀的影视作品占领军营思想文化阵地 ,是部队影视发行放映工作必须始终遵循的原则。江泽民同志在十六大报告中指出 :全面建设小康社会 ,必须大力发展社会主义文化 ,建设社会精神文明。当今世界 ,文化、经济和政治相互交融 ,在综合国力竞争中的地位和作用越来越突出……全党同志要深刻认识文化建设的战略意义 ,推动社会主义文化的发展繁荣。艺术的民族性是民族文化意识的反映 ,民族文化具有极为强烈的感召力 ,因而也为群众所喜闻乐见。优秀国产电影作为中华民族文化的重要内容 ,历来受到国家的保护和扶植。…     

自适应挤压油膜阻尼器支承的转子系统稳态动力特性研究

首先对带有挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)和金属橡胶外环的自适应挤压油膜阻尼器(ASFD/MRR)的刚性转子系统的稳态振动特性进行了对比研究,理论和实验研究表明与SFD相比,ASFD/MRR具有更好的减振性能,尤其在大不平衡量时能有效地抑制非线性振动的发生并保持良好的减振效果.本文对带有ASFD/MRR的刚性转子系统的稳态响应的影响因素进行了研究,为ASFD/MRR在工程转子支承上的应用,提供了可靠的依据.     

多通道噪声和振动测试分析系统

设计了一个利用DSP系统、USB接口和笔记本电脑,实现对机械噪声和振动进行多通道数据采集与分析处理的系统,克服了常用的单一信号分析的不足.通过设计DSP信号测试分析软件,实现了实时机械状态监测与故障诊断,使用十分方便.     

某型内燃机闭环控制减振的仿真研究

内燃机自身的振动是重型军用车辆主要的振动和噪声源,对其进行有效的振动控制十分重要.但由于内燃机系统结构的复杂性,研究其振动和噪声控制比较困难.针对某型内燃机系统,采用Matlab软件的Simulink工具,建立了整个系统的动力学仿真模型,并分别对该模型进行简谐、白噪声信号扰动下的减振控制研究,控制方法采用闭环数字PI策略.系统输出转矩和转速的曲线结果表明减振具有明显的效果.     

磨削加工中的模糊强迫振动

讨论了磨削加工中激振力的模糊性,基于模糊数学理论,给出了考虑模糊性时表征激振力的模糊约束和可能性分布函数.提出了在模糊激振力作用下,磨削加工系统的模糊稳态响应.     

SHS复合管内衬陶瓷层残余应力分析

经陶瓷材料弹性力学计算,发现分布于陶瓷层中的压应力场强度取决于钢管与陶瓷层的结合强度及陶瓷层壁厚,而分布于陶瓷层中的热应力场强度主要取决于陶瓷层冷却过程中的温度梯度与陶瓷层壁厚.