Dural caroticocavernous fistula with both ophthalmic arteries arising from middle meningeal arteries

A 60-year-old woman presented with a dural caroticocavernous fistula (CCF) in whom both by ophthalmic arteries arose from the middle meningeal arteries instead of from the internal carotid arteries. Transarterial embolisation of the CCF was contraindicated because of the risk of blindness. Transvenous coil embolisation was therefore performed. Bilateral origin of the ophthalmic artery from the middle meningeal artery is extremely rare.     

Surface Hardening of Carbon Steel Using High Powered YAG Laser

A high powered YAG laser with kaleidoscope for surface modification was applied to the surface hardening of carbon steels containing 0. 18-0.54 wt% C without the absorbents, and the relationships between laser processing and surface hardening were investigated by hardness and microstructure. The structure of the hardened zone underwent complete martensitic transformation in all of the carbon steels tested, and its hardness increased with greater carbon content. Under identical irradiated conditions, the hardened zone expanded with increasing carbon content. A hardened zone extending from the surface to a depth of 1.0 mm was obtained at a laser power of 1.0 kW and a scanning speed of 1 mm/sec. It was found that in the surface hardening of carbon steels, a high powered YAG laser can be used to control the hardened zone by selecting the appropriate irradiation conditions, however, the hardened zone was affected by the assistant gas and the flow rate.     

Direct observation of time-dependent space charge profiles in XLPEcable under high electric fields

Space charge distribution was measured, applying an electric field of >1 MV/cm to 3 mm thick XLPE cable insulation. Improving the conventional pulse electro-acoustic method, a new method was developed to measure space charge when applying HV to cables. Under high field, hetero charges were formed soon after voltage application, followed by an injection from the cathode. Then intermittent injections of charge packets from the anode took place. The space charge distribution kept changing without becoming stabilized. A simulation was done assuming hysteresis of the injection characteristics. The observed intermittent injection near the anode was qualitatively reproduced using computer simulation     

High repetition rate, wide-aperture KrF lasers for subpicosecondamplification

A high repetition rate, wide-aperture KrF laser with a magnetic switch has been developed. A dynamic response and a core loss of several magnetic materials were measured, resulting in a loss as low as 0.45 J/pulse for a voltage risetime of ~100 ns. A maximum output energy of 2.5 J in 20 ns (FWHM) was obtained with a total efficiency of 2.5% at 20 Hz. The cross section of the output beam was 65×50 mm². Spectral, spatial, and temporal profiles of gain and absorption coefficients were also measured, resulting in a peak gain of 8.5%/cm. An output energy of 410 mJ was extracted in 280 fs with two beams by using this laser as an amplifier     

Development of cable fault location method using fiber optic distributed temperature sensor

When ground-fault problems occur on a cable line, immediate fault location and restoration are required. Therefore, various new methods to locate the fault point instantaneously have been investigated to replace such conventional methods as the Murray loop method and the pulse radar method [1]. These methods require a long time to locate the fault point. One possible fault location method is to sense the temperature rise following a ground fault using a fiber optic distributed temperature sensor. Application of this method was found feasible through sensing the temperature rise at a ground-fault test using a thermocouple as a temperature sensor with test cables [4]. A power/optical composite cable was prepared experimentally and after verifying its thermal mechanical performance, the temperature rise at an incidence of a fault was determined and the anticipated performance was demonstrated in a ground-fault test. This article describes the outline of the test.     

Model analysis of enzyme monolayer- and bilayer-modified electrodes: the steady-state response.

The steady-state sensor responses of enzyme monolayer- and heterobilayer-modified electrodes were theoretically analyzed with a simple model. Parameters used here are the surface coverage and rate constants of the enzyme, the concentrations and diffusion coefficients of the substrate and mediator, the rate constant of the electrode process, the thickness of the diffusion layer, and the distance between the enzyme and electrode. The sensor response was divided into three factors; the efficiencies of substrate and mediator supply to the enzyme, the enzyme/electrode charge-transfer efficiency, and the potential rate of enzymatic reaction where the supply efficiencies are unity. Contributions of the parameters to these factors or the total sensor response are described by simple formulas. The experimental observations are successfully interpreted in terms of these theoretical results.     

AP的安全制备（英）

1 IntroductionThe ammonium perchlorate ( AP)-based compositepropellant is currently the most widely used one becausethis propellant has good burning characteristics and me-chanical properties. One of the few serious drawbacks ofthe AP-based propellant is that its products of combus-tion, which include HCl, chlorine, and chlorine oxides,cause atmospheric pollution. Increasing concern for aclean atmosphere in recent years has resulted in a com-pelling need for developing a chlorine-free,enviro…     

Coherence-Based 3-D and Spectral Imaging and Laser-Scanning Microscopy

The basics of three-dimensional (3-D) and spectral imaging techniques that are based on the detection of coherence functions and other related techniques are reviewed. The principle of the 3-D source retrieval is based on understanding the propagation law of optical random field through the free space. The 3-D and spectral information are retrieved from the cross-spectral density function of optical random field or numerical calculation of the inverse propagation of the cross-spectral density. We will first introduce the coherence-based spectral tomography techniques with low-coherence light sources. These techniques limit their scheme of coherence detection only along the optical axis and some of them achieve simultaneously the high resolution and high speed of detection taking advantage of an imaging lens. We then provided explanations of the principle of 3-D source retrieval that is based on the propagation law of optical random field through the free space along with the introduction of the numerical holography and computed tomography techniques. We will lastly show 3-D spectral imaging schemes with the concurrent laser-scanning cross-sectioning techniques: one is the confocal laser scanning microscopy and the other is the two-photon laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy.     

Temperature Dependence of the Raman Spectrum in Lithium Oxide Single Crystal

Temperature dependence of the Raman spectrum of lithium oxide single crystal has been measured over a temperature range of 80 to 1073 K. The frequency shift and the line width of the Raman spectrum in lithium oxide were about 531 and 4.5 cm^-1 at 80 K, respectively. At 1073 K, the frequency shift and the line width attained the values of 464 and 112 cm^-1, respectively. The strong temperature dependence of the frequency shift and line width was compared with data from some crystals with a fluorite structure.