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121.
The oxidation kinetics of CuFeO2 in the Cu-Fe-O system have been studied between 500 and 900° C in an atmosphere containing 1 vol% oxygen in a nitrogen stream using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that addition of Fe2O3 to the CuFeO2 caused a decrease in the oxidation rate while addition of CuO caused an increase. On increasing the concentration of Fe2O3 the activation energy was found to increase from ~ 18 kcal mol–1 to ~ 45 kcal mol–1 and the exponent n in Avrami's equationf=1-exp (–kt
n) was also observed to increase, from 1.3 to 2.3. On adding CuO to the CuFeO2 in the Cu-Fe-O system the activation energy decreased from ~ 18 kcal mol–1 to ~ 8 kcal mol–1. The variation in both values indicates changes in the oxidation mechanisms. The microstructural changes associated with oxidation have been studied using optical microscopy. A model has been proposed to explain the results. 相似文献
122.
Delayed settling of the ash particles and poor drainage of water from the pond ash are the major problems faced during the hydraulic stowing of pond ash. In this study the effect of polymeric flocculant on settling of the ash particles and drainage of water during pond ash stowing are investigated. In addition, the parameters, viz. drainage and absorption of water during pond ash stowing are quantified by stowing a mine goaf model with pond ash slurries of five different concentrations added with and without flocculant. The study revealed that addition of only 5 × 10?6 of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC) flocculant with the pond ash slurries during stowing offers best result in terms of quicker settling of the ash particles and enhanced water drainage from the hydraulically stowed pond ash. Besides, it resulted in drainage of more than 85% of the total water used in the initial 45 min of stowing. The improvement in drainage is caused due to coagulation and flocculation of the pond ash particles because of charge neutralization and particle–particle bridging. This study may provide a basis for estimating the drainage and absorption of water during the real pond ash stowing operation in underground mines. 相似文献
123.
Unmetered electricity supply to agriculture has given rise to a unique and invidious water–energy–food nexus in India. Metering of agricultural consumers has been suggested as a way to break the nexus, but most states have not been able to meter farmers due to their opposition . The only exception is the state of West Bengal. Using primary data from a household survey conducted in 2010 when the metering process was still underway, this paper argues that farmers’ support for metering in West Bengal can be explained in terms of the economics of groundwater use and politics surrounding agriculture and groundwater in the state. 相似文献
124.
Islam Z Capatina D Ruff JP Das RK Trakhtenberg E Nojiri H Narumi Y Welp U Canfield PC 《The Review of scientific instruments》2012,83(3):035101
We present a pulsed-magnet system that enables x-ray single-crystal diffraction in addition to powder and spectroscopic studies with the magnetic field applied on or close to the scattering plane. The apparatus consists of a single large-bore solenoid, cooled by liquid nitrogen. A second independent closed-cycle cryostat is used for cooling samples near liquid helium temperatures. Pulsed magnetic fields close to ~30 T with a zero-to-peak-field rise time of ~2.9 ms are generated by discharging a 40 kJ capacitor bank into the magnet coil. The unique characteristic of this instrument is the preservation of maximum scattering angle (~23.6°) on the entrance and exit sides of the magnet bore by virtue of a novel double-funnel insert. This instrument will facilitate x-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies that are impractical, if not impossible, to perform using split-pair and narrow-opening solenoid magnets. Furthermore, it offers a practical solution for preserving optical access in future higher-field pulsed magnets. 相似文献
125.
Cabral RM Ferraz MS Rizzo M Sousa FD Rodrigues NM Ibiapina PB Ambrósio CE De Carvalho MA 《Microscopy research and technique》2012,75(5):566-570
The aim of this study is to show histological and immunofluorescence analysis of renal parenchyma of agoutis affected by gentamicin‐induced renal disease after the infusion of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) stained with Hoechst®. Nine agouti's males were divided into three groups: Test group (TG): renal disease by gentamicin induced (n = 3), cell therapy group (CTG): renal disease by gentamicin induced and BMMC infusion (n = 3), and control group (CG): nonrenal disease and BMMC infusion (n = 3). TG and CTG were submitted to the protocol of renal disease induction using weekly application of gentamicin sulfate for 4 months. CG and CTG received a 1 × 108 BMMC stained with Hoechst and were euthanized for kidney examination 21 days after BMMC injection and samples were collected for histology and immunofluorescence analysis. Histological analysis demonstrated typical interstitial lesions in kidney similarly to human disease, as tubular necrosis, glomerular destruction, atrophy tubular, fibrotic areas, and collagen deposition. We conclude that histological analysis suggest a positive application of agouti's as a model for a gentamicin inducing of kidney disease, beyond the immunofluorescence analysis suggest a significant migration of BMMC to sites of renal injury in CTG. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
126.
An inertia-adaptive particle swarm system with particle mobility factor for improved global optimization 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Sayan Ghosh Swagatam Das Debarati Kundu Kaushik Suresh B. K. Panigrahi Zhihua Cui 《Neural computing & applications》2012,21(2):237-250
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has recently emerged as a nature-inspired algorithm for real parameter optimization. This
article describes a method for improving the final accuracy and the convergence speed of PSO by firstly adding a new coefficient
(called mobility factor) to the position updating equation and secondly modulating the inertia weight according to the distance
between a particle and the globally best position found so far. The two-fold modification tries to balance between the explorative
and exploitative tendencies of the swarm with an objective of achieving better search performance. We also mathematically
analyze the effect of the modifications on the dynamics of the PSO algorithm. The new algorithm has been shown to be statistically
significantly better than the basic PSO and four of its state-of-the-art variants on a twelve-function test-suite in terms
of speed, accuracy, and robustness. 相似文献
127.
This paper presents a fuzzy-Pareto dominance driven possibilistic model based planning of electrical distribution systems using multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO). This multi-objective planning model captures the possibilistic variations of the system loads using a fuzzy triangular number. The MOPSO based on the Pareto-optimality principle is used to obtain a set of non-dominated solutions representing different network structures under uncertainties in load demands and these non-dominated solutions are stored in an elite archive of limited size. Normally, choosing the candidate non-dominated solutions to be retained in the elite archive while maintaining the quality of the Pareto-approximation front as well as maintaining the diversity of solutions on this front is very much computationally demanding. In this paper, the principles of fuzzy Pareto-dominance are used to find out and rank the non-dominated solutions on the Pareto-approximation front. This ranking in turn is used to maintain the elite archive of limited size by discarding the lower ranked solutions. The two planning objectives are: (i) minimization of total installation and operational cost and (ii) minimization of risk factor. The risk factor is defined as a function of an index called contingency-load-loss index (CLLI), which captures the effect of load loss under contingencies, and the degree of network constraint violations. The minimization of the CLLI improves network reliability. The network variables that are optimized are: (i) number of feeders and their routes, and (ii) number and locations of sectionalizing switches. An MOPSO (developed by the authors), based on a novel technique for the selection and assignment of leaders/guides for efficient search of non-dominated solutions, is used as the optimization tool. The proposed planning approach is validated on a typical 100-node distribution system. Performance comparisons between the planning approaches with the possibilistic and deterministic load models are provided highlighting the relative merits and demerits. It is also verified that the proposed solution ranking scheme based on the fuzzy-Pareto dominance is very much better from both quality and computational burden point of view in comparison with the other well-known archive truncation techniques based on clustering and solution density measurement etc. 相似文献
128.
P V Ananthapadmanabhan A V Bapat A K Das B K Karan R Majumder R K Marwah D S Patil S V K Rao V K Rohatgi K G Sankaran P Satyamurthy R Sharma P B Shrivastava M K Totlani N Venkat-Ramani F A Akopov A V Karpukhin V V Kirillov V I Maksimenko A S Prokop A I Romanov B V Roshin E V Shishkov A S Tikhotsky V I Zalkind N I Antonov V V Brajevsky D K Burenkov V A Efremov V N Sukhov 《Sadhana》1982,5(3):169-195
This paper summarizes the major results of the joint Indo-Soviet experiment for testing the Indianmhd generator channel section, designed and fabricated at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay, which was carried out at the U-02 facility in Moscow, USSR, in May 1980. The total test duration was 65 hours and included electrophysical tests and life tests under applied electric fields. The main purpose of the tests was to substantiate the physical concepts, computer codes, design features and special processing techniques involved in the development ofmhd generators for the Indian pilot plant at Tiruchirapalli. The experimental observations on the phenomena of heat transfer to the walls, gas dynamics in the channel, electrical characteristics of the generator and near-electrode processes including the analysis of arc spots correlate with the theoretical estimates based on present understanding of the physical processes occuring in similarmhd generators. The post-operational inspection of the channel section and extensive investigation of materials through microscopic analysis, chemical analysis and x-ray analysis are also reported in this paper. The joint test programme has clearly demonstrated the definite operating capability of the test section and has given sufficient information and encouragement for building better and improved channels for the future. 相似文献
129.
Zinc telluride thin films have been grown at room temperature and higher temperature substrates by thermal evaporation technique
in a vacuum of 10-6 torr. A main peak in the photocurrent is observed at 781 nm (1.58 eV) with two lower amplitude peaks on the lower wavelength
side and one on higher wavelength side. The evaluated thermal activation energy is found to correspond well with the main
spectral peak. From these studies it can be inferred that temperatures up to 453 K is still in the extrinsic conductivity
region of the studied ZnTe thin films.
The paper was presented at the 6th Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference (6th ATPC), held at Gauhati University, during
8–11 October 2001. 相似文献
130.
Group III-V compound B-Sb films were synthesized from B/Sb/…/B multilayer films deposited by electron gun evaporation onto
silicon substrate and subjecting the above multilayer to rapid thermal annealing at 773 K for 3 min. The films were characterized
by XRD, TEM, XPS and optical studies. XPS studies indicated the ratio of B: Sb ∼ 1. XRD and electron diffraction patterns
indicated the reflections from (100), (111), (102) and (112) planes of zinc blende BSb. Band gap evaluated from optical studies
was ∼ 0·51 eV. Refractive index of the films varied between 1·65 and 2·18 with increasing energy of incident photon and plasma
frequency (ωp) was estimated to be ∼2·378×10−14 s−1. The effective mass was computed to be ∼ 0·0845 me. 相似文献