Ein Dekompositionsalgorithmus zur Entwicklung von länderübergreifenden Kompensationsstrategien im Umweltschutz

Zusammenfassung In der Klimarahmenkonvention wie auch in anderen internationalen Abkommen zum Umweltschutz wird eine länderübergreifende Kooperation zur Minderung von Emissionen vorgesehen. Dabei erhalten Investoren Emissionsgutschriften für Emissionsminderungen in Drittländern. Um in nationale Strategien auch internationale Kompensationsansätze integrieren zu können, werden nationale Energie- und Stoffflußmodelle über einen Dekompositionsalgorithmus miteinander verknüpft. In einem iterativen Prozeß werden dabei die Grenzausgaben für eine CO₂-Minderung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, die den Nachfragepreis nach Kompensationsprojekten wiedergeben und die Grenzausgaben für eine CO₂-Minderung in Gastgeberländern, die den Angebotspreis darstellen, in ein Gleichgewicht gebracht. Die durchgeführten Analysen zeigen, daß durch Kompensationsansätze eine deutliche Reduzierung der gesamten Ausgaben für eine Emissionsminderung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland erreichbar ist.     

Reusable Localized Surface Plasmon Sensors Based on Ultrastable Nanostructures

Nanoparticle arrays created by nanosphere lithography are widely used in sensing applications since their localized surface plasmon resonances are extremely sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment. A major drawback for any biologically oriented sensing application of conventionally produced particle arrays is the lack of stability of the nanoparticles in aqueous media and buffer solutions. Here, a robust and reusable nanoscale sensing platform based on localized surface plasmon resonances of gold nanoparticles embedded in a silicon dioxide matrix is presented. The architecture exhibits extremely high stability in aqueous environments and can be regenerated several times by simple mechanical cleaning of the surface. The platforms surface is ultraflat by design, thus making it an ideal substrate for any bio‐oriented sensing application.     

Long term planning of inter-company energy supply concepts

In order to assess the economic and ecological effects of inter-company energy supply concepts, an optimising model integrating investment and long-term production planning has been developed. The model represents the energy production of companies on a very disaggregated level taking into account different resources, energy carriers and production processes. This model has been applied to five industrial companies to analyse the economic and ecological implications resulting from investments in inter-company energy supply concepts. Existing technologies as well as possible investment options have been assessed by a techno-economic analysis taking into account company specific circumstances. In addition, the new German combined heat and power law has been modelled in detail, because the supplementary payments legally established in this law may effect energy go supply concepts in a considerable way. Computational results show the installation of a combined cycle power plant adapted to the specific conditions of the case at hand would be the most promising option to fulfil the future energy demand of the companies involved. Correspondence to: W. Fichtner     

Phytochrome‐Based Extracellular Matrix with Reversibly Tunable Mechanical Properties

Interrogation and control of cellular fate and function using optogenetics is providing revolutionary insights into biology. Optogenetic control of cells is achieved by coupling genetically encoded photoreceptors to cellular effectors and enables unprecedented spatiotemporal control of signaling processes. Here, a fast and reversibly switchable photoreceptor is used to tune the mechanical properties of polymer materials in a fully reversible, wavelength‐specific, and dose‐ and space‐controlled manner. By integrating engineered cyanobacterial phytochrome 1 into a poly(ethylene glycol) matrix, hydrogel materials responsive to light in the cell‐compatible red/far‐red spectrum are synthesized. These materials are applied to study in human mesenchymal stem cells how different mechanosignaling pathways respond to changing mechanical environments and to control the migration of primary immune cells in 3D. This optogenetics‐inspired matrix allows fundamental questions of how cells react to dynamic mechanical environments to be addressed. Further, remote control of such matrices can create new opportunities for tissue engineering or provide a basis for optically stimulated drug depots.     

Patent information in a large electrical company, exemplified by the situation at Siemens

The special situation of patent information is dealt with against the background of the general problems of information provision. The role of the Patent Department of Siemens as a user of patent information and in the distribution of patent information within the company is discussed. Finally, the present system of current patent information on granted patents and first publications is outlined and an outlook on future developments given.     

Berechnung und Optimierung von Geometrie und Eingriffsverhalten von Zahnformen beliebiger Achslage

The main benefit, the economical manufacturability of traditional gear profiles, such as an involute, are no longer of major importance in times of computer-aided design and production. Due to existing modern production techniques standard and more sophisticated gear types can be produced with high precision and maintainable financial effort. Especially for non-standard gear types modern gear production systems ensure high quality and reliability to the operator with regard to flank and meshing geometry. Depending on the context of application different gear types have advantages and disadvantages concerning load carrying capacity, effectiveness or noise excitation. Developing an optimized gearing for the desired application is thus a complex and elementary goal within the design process.     

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs): past, present, and future

Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) represent a new class of organic-inorganic hybrid materials suitable for a broad range of applications such as chromatography, catalysis, sensing and microelectronics. Unlike in organic functionalized mesoporous silica phases obtained via grafting or co-condensation procedures the organic groups in PMOs are direct parts of the 3D framework structure, thus giving raise to enormous possibilities to tune their chemical and physical properties in designated ways by varying the structure of the precursors. In this review the distinctive features of PMOs are discussed, the latest developments concerning compositions, structures, morphologies and potential applications are figured out and finally a brief outlook of future aspects is given.