Humidifier disinfectant and use characteristics associated with lung injury in Korea

Since around the year 2000, hundreds of people in Korea have developed humidifier disinfectant‐associated lung injury (HDLI). We collected all HD exposure‐related information from the field investigations into the locations in which the 1199 registered patients had used HD. Among the people who registered, 38% (1st round = 214, 2nd = 73, 3rd = 166) were confirmed as HDLI patients. Children aged under eight years old made up the highest proportion of HDLI cases (N = 279, 62%), followed by pregnant women (N = 31, 7%). One hundred thirty‐three (29%) of the confirmed HDLI patients died. Fifty‐seven percent of HDLI patients (N = 259) developed HDLI after <1 year of HD use. The number of HDLI patients who used only the Oxy Saksak HD brand was found to be 176 (39%), followed by the brands Cefu (N = 27, 6%) and Aekyung (N = 22, 5%). HD products containing only polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG‐P) were the most frequently used among HDLI patients (N = 234, 52%), followed by oligo (2‐(2‐ethoxy)ethoxyethyl) guanidinium (PGH) (N = 27, 6%) and a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) (N = 26, 6%). The average PHMG‐P inhalation level estimated from the patient group classified as suffering lung injury definitely associated with HD use was 145.1 μg/m³ (N = 91, SD = 395.1 μg/m³), higher than levels estimated from both the probable and possible HDLI patient groups. In conclusion, HD exposure‐related variables, including type of HD brand and estimated inhalation HD level, were associated with the risk of HDLI.     

An evaluation method of probability of elastic-plastic fracture by 2-parameter criterion

Many researchers have made a lot of progress in studying the evaluation of fracture probability of brittle materials. However, studies of fracture probability for elastic-plasticity have not been made yet. An evaluation method for fracture probability which is grafted onto a 2-parameter criterion and statistical probability analysis is not only introduced in this study, but also applied to the simple 2-dimensional model and carbon steel piping to vealuate the effect of statistical variables.     

A method for the selection of algorithms for form characterization of nominally spherical surfaces

This paper presents a method for the selection of algorithms for the form characterization of nominally spherical surfaces. The form characterization is applied to discrete data obtained from a three-dimensional (3-D) high-precision measurement system. In this paper, five sphere-fitting algorithms are outlined and compared. The fitting algorithms under investigation are: linear and nonlinear least-squares sphere fit, minimum zone sphere fit, four-point sphere fit, and sphere fit by error curve analysis. A method for selection of the best-fit algorithm, based on a spectral analysis of the surface irregularity is suggested and applied to the surface measurement of worn electrical switching contacts.     

Oxidation characteristics of airborne carbon nanoparticles by NO(2)

The oxidation characteristics of airborne carbon nanoparticles were investigated at various temperatures and NO(2) concentrations. Airborne carbon nanoparticles were generated by spark-discharging method using nitrogen as a carrier gas. Monodisperse carbon particles classified using a differential mobility analyzer were introduced into a tube furnace with NO(2) for oxidation reaction. The size distributions of oxidized carbon aerosol particles were measured using a scanning mobility particle spectrometer system which consisted of a differential mobility analyzer and a condensation particle counter. The result was that as NO(2) concentrations and reaction temperatures increased, the surface oxidation rate of carbon aerosol particles increased. For NO(2) gas, the activation energy of the oxidation reaction was approximately 76.3 kJ/mol. The activation energy of the oxidation reaction for the mixture of NO(2) and O(2) gases was 65.9 kJ/mol, which is smaller than that for only NO(2) gas.     

本土化适居性环境营建——重庆市鱼嘴镇双溪村村镇风貌整治设计

在全面建设和谐社会的历史进程中，国家积极推进城乡统筹发展，进一步明确提出建设社会主义新农村的发展方针。以重庆市江北区新农村建设示范村——鱼嘴镇双溪村的风貌整治设计为例，结合当地产业布局，对本土环境、建筑风格和形态、产业结构等要素进行认真分析，探讨农村本土化适居性环境的营建及其具体的整治方法和措施，以指导社会主义新农村建设.     

APP改性沥青抗根卷材及其在屋顶花园防水工程中的应用

APP改性沥青抗根卷材不仅具有优良的防水性能，而且具有阻止植物根须长入和穿透卷材的特性，但不会影响植物根系的生长。此材料适用于不同气候条件下的屋顶花园防水工程中。     

某工程钢筋严重锈蚀事故的分析处理

以某混凝土框架结构钢筋严重锈蚀的质量事故为例,对事故原因进行了分析,指出混凝土中氯离子含量偏高是导致钢筋锈蚀事故的主要原因,而混凝土和钢材的材质不均匀性导致不同部位的钢筋锈蚀程度差别较大;在此基础上对不同类型的构件提出了不同的处理方法,并强调应严格原材料进场复检和加强文明施工管理.     

逻辑的真实与手法的灵动：深圳福田口岸

项目概况 深圳福田口岸是香港回归后,中央政府为改善大陆与香港的通关现状、提高通关效率的一项民心工程。按照深圳市的口岸建设规划,福田口岸被定位为功能齐全,人流密集的大型口岸。其建成通关,对深入落实CEPA协议、加快推进泛珠江三角区域经济合作、促进深港繁荣稳定具有重要的社会综合意义。     

Distribution patterns of chalcogens (S, Se, Te, and 210Po) in various tissues of a squid, Todarodes pacificus

In order to elucidate the relationship between the chemically similar chalcogen elements S, Se, Te, and 210Po in marine invertebrates, we conducted a comparative study of the distribution patterns of these elements in a squid, Todarodes pacificus. Elemental concentrations of the four chalcogens were determined in (mantle) muscle, gill, stomach, and hepatopancreas tissues. No relationship between chalcogen concentrations and morphological parameters (mantle length, body weight, and sex) was evident. Gills showed slightly elevated levels of Se and 210Po, which may indicate absorption and uptake of these elements over the gill surface. All four chalcogens have their highest concentrations in the hepatopancreas and the lowest concentrations in the muscle tissue. However, concentration differences between tissues, revealed by (1) bioaccumulation values based on reference seawater values and (2) internal relative enrichment factors (IREF) based on enrichment of hepatopancreas compared to muscle tissue, were least pronounced for S, most distinct for 210Po, and moderate for Se and Te. Furthermore, no significant correlation for Se, Te, and 210Po with S within tissue concentrations, and only a slightly negative correlation between S and 210Po in the squid muscle and hepatopancreas tissues were found, which indicates either an antagonistic effect between, or a disconnection of the two elements through metabolic processing. Overall, the distribution patterns of Se and Te resemble those of essential trace elements, such as Zn and Cu, whereas 210Po is partitioned in a manner similar to toxic heavy metals, such as Cd and Ag.     

差异化同步顶升更换隔震支座方法与应用

多因素造成的隔震支座变形与老化等使隔震结构管养过程中面临着隔震支座更换的问题,整体顶升更换体量较大隔震建筑的技术难度大、造价较高,为此提出了混凝土框架结构差异化同步顶升逐步更换隔震支座的技术.针对一典型工程,采用差异化同步顶升并结合有限元辅助数据分析,确定了同步顶升的相邻短向各榀框架顶升位移及对应的支座反力,虽然端柱在达到顶升控制位移时相对于顶升前支座反力有较大提高,最大可达35％,然而,顶升导致的框架梁负弯矩区的纵筋拉应力增量最大值仅26.54MPa,最大裂缝宽度增量的最大值仅为0.01mm,叠加后的最大裂缝宽度满足限值要求.通过实时监测顶升过程中上部框架结构混凝土应力与钢筋应力增量,实现了顶升及支座更换全程控制,确保了顶升实施作业的上部结构无损伤.本文所提出并实践的技术和方法可供同类工程更换隔震支座时参考.