Automated Artificial Intelligence Empowered White Blood Cells ClassificationModel

White blood cells (WBC) or leukocytes are a vital component of the blood which forms the immune system, which is accountable to fight foreign elements. The WBC images can be exposed to different data analysis approaches which categorize different kinds of WBC. Conventionally, laboratory tests are carried out to determine the kind of WBC which is erroneous and time consuming. Recently, deep learning (DL) models can be employed for automated investigation of WBC images in short duration. Therefore, this paper introduces an Aquila Optimizer with Transfer Learning based Automated White Blood Cells Classification (AOTL-WBCC) technique. The presented AOTL-WBCC model executes data normalization and data augmentation process (rotation and zooming) at the initial stage. In addition, the residual network (ResNet) approach was used for feature extraction in which the initial hyperparameter values of the ResNet model are tuned by the use of AO algorithm. Finally, Bayesian neural network (BNN) classification technique has been implied for the identification of WBC images into distinct classes. The experimental validation of the AOTL-WBCC methodology is performed with the help of Kaggle dataset. The experimental results found that the AOTL-WBCC model has outperformed other techniques which are based on image processing and manual feature engineering approaches under different dimensions.     

Leveraging Retinal Fundus Images with Deep Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Grading and Classification

Recently, there has been a considerable rise in the number of diabetic patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is one of the most chronic diseases and makes the key cause of vision loss in middle-aged people in the developed world. Initial detection of DR becomes necessary for decreasing the disease severity by making use of retinal fundus images. This article introduces a Deep Learning Enabled Large Scale Healthcare Decision Making for Diabetic Retinopathy (DLLSHDM-DR) on Retinal Fundus Images. The proposed DLLSHDM-DR technique intends to assist physicians with the DR decision-making method. In the DLLSHDM-DR technique, image preprocessing is initially performed to improve the quality of the fundus image. Besides, the DLLSHDM-DR applies HybridNet for producing a collection of feature vectors. For retinal image classification, the DLLSHDM-DR technique exploits the Emperor Penguin Optimizer (EPO) with a Deep Recurrent Neural Network (DRNN). The application of the EPO algorithm assists in the optimal adjustment of the hyperparameters related to the DRNN model for DR detection showing the novelty of our work. To assuring the improved performance of the DLLSHDM-DR model, a wide range of experiments was tested on the EyePACS dataset. The comparison outcomes assured the better performance of the DLLSHDM-DR approach over other DL models.     

Nitriles in Organic Synthesis: Synthesis of new pyridazine,pyridine and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives

The reaction of diethyl monoiminomalonate with benzoylacetonitrile affords the ethyl 3-amino-4-cyanopentanoate derivative 1 a . Compound 1 a condensed with salicylaldehyde to yield the coumarin 5 and coupled with arenediazonium salts to yield the arenehydrazones 6a – c . Compounds 6a , b could be converted into the aminopyridazinium carboxylate 8a , b on treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The reaction of 6a – c with hydrazine and phenyl hydrazine is reported.