Basic design of 70-MW-class superconducting generators

The application of superconductivity technology to electric power apparatus is very important from the viewpoint of energy saving. Especially, the superconducting generators using superconductors as the field windings have many merits compared with conventional generators. Super-GM has been researching and developing 70-MW-class model machines since FY 1988 for a scheduled period of eight years, aiming at a 200-MW-class superconducting generator. This paper describes the basic specifications and designs of 70-MW-class superconducting generators by Super-GM and also describes the propriety of these basic specifications and designs.     

Effects of added metal ions on the interaction of chitin and partially deacetylated chitin with an azo dye carrying hydroxyl groups

The binding of chrome violet, which is a monoazo dye and involves two hydroxyl groups in the o and o′ positions to an azo group, to chintin and partially decetylated chitin, was examined in the presence of metal ions. Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions do not perceptively influence the binding affinity of chrome voilet to chitin. In contrast, Co²⁺ ion enhances the binding and Ni²⁺ ion suppresses it. In the lower free dye concentrations the dye uptake by partially deceteylated chitin was tremendously enhanced by adding. Co²⁺ ion in the buffer solution of pH 5. The dye uptake by the polymer was considerably increased by the addition of Cu²⁺ ion at pH 5 and became much larger at pH 6. The amount corresponded to that in the presence of Co²⁺ ion. To investigate further the action of added metal ions, a cobalt- or a chrome–complex dye was prepared, and the binding properties for the polymers were compared with those of chrome violet in the presence of Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions. Some possible mechanisms for the enhancement of chrome violet binding by the addition of Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions are described. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Fatal interstitial pulmonary disease in a patient with dyskeratosis congenita after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Local control rate by radical radiation therapy was analyzed in 33 patients with a piriform sinus cancer. Twenty-five patients (76%) were in stage T3 + T4. Local recurrence-free survival at 3 years was 49% in T1 + T2 and 25% in T3 + T4 (p = 0.01). In T1 + T2 lesions, a biologically effective dose for an acute reaction over 80 Gy and total treatment time less than 70 days appeared to improve local control. In T3 + T4 lesions, good radiation response assessed by the regaining of laryngeal mobility affected local control favorably. An esophageal involvement and destruction of the laryngeal cartilage as well as soft tissue extension precluded the possibility of local control by radiation therapy alone. In addition to the T-stage, other tumor factors should also be considered for predicting local control with radiation therapy.     

Survival by Mac-1-mediated adherence and anoikis in phorbol ester-treated HL-60 cells

During the exposure of human myelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells to phorbol diester, nonadherent cells die by apoptosis, but adherent cells survive and growth-arrest at G1 phase of the cell cycle. Here we have shown that the adherent cells rapidly died by apoptosis after forced detachment (anoikis), indicating that phorbol diester induced apoptosis by default. Dimethylsphingosine induced apoptosis in the adherent cells, and sphingosine-1-phosphate rescued the detached cells from apoptosis. Sphingosine kinase activity in adherent cells was higher than that in nonadherent cells and was decreased by forced detachment. It is likely that the phorbol diester-induced apoptosis and the adhesion-mediated survival are modulated by sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate, respectively. The adherent cells were reverted and reproliferated when allowed to spontaneously detach from plastic surfaces by removal of phorbol diester. This result suggests that after removal of phorbol diester, the commitment signal of apoptosis by default is lost faster than the survival signal by adherence.     

Responses of maxillary sensilla styloconica inBombyx mori to glucosides fromOsmunda japonica,a nonhost plant

We isolated glucosides from the royal fern,Osmunda japonica, which elicit a deterrent response in larvae ofBombyx mori. These compounds were absent in taro (Colocasia antiquorum) and castor-oil plant (Ricinus communis) leaves and did not evoke responses of sensory cells in the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica ofSpodoptera litura. This glucoside extract of the royal fern leaves stimulates receptors generally associated with deterrent. It is also possible that this compound may act as a behavioral deterrent, and from actual feeding tests, it is suggested that this compound may prevent feeding in some monophagous insects, such asBombyx mori. The deterrent glucoside possesses a noncyclic aglycon.     

Electron-Beam-Induced crystallization of anodic barrier films on aluminium

A study was made of electron-beam-induced crystallization of sections of a detached barrier-type anodic film formed on aluminium in ammonium pentaborate solution. On exposure to the electron beam, telling changes are evident in the section, proceeding more rapidly in a region of the film originally adjacent to the metal-film interface but eventually spreading throughout the film section. The results suggest that the virtually pure alumina region, separated from the electrolyte by the borate-containing region, crystallizes initially and hence this technique becomes a rapid method for direct assessment of apparent transport numbers.     

Tachistoscopic recognition of Kana and Hangul words, handedness and shift of laterality difference

Nonsense Kana words as verbal stimuli and Hangul words (Korean orthographic characters) as non-verbal were presented tachistoscopically in the left or right visual field to normal right-handed, non-familial left-handed Japanese subjects, who have not seen Hangul characters. Right-handers showed a significant right (or left) field superiority for the recognition of verbal (or non-verbal) stimuli. This pattern of differences found in right-handers is, though to a slightly lesser degree, also present in non-familial left-handers, while it is absent in familial left-handers. Initial left field superiority for Hangul word recognition shifted to no laterality difference in left-handers as well as in right-handers during the learning period for Hangul words.     

Sero-epidemiological study on equine influenza in Japan

Ten male subjects performed five maximal treadmill running tests at 7 mph. Tests included two (test-retest) progressive, step increment (2 1/2% grade elevation), discontinuous tests (DCT); a progressive, step increment, continuous test (ct) and two constant load tests (CL and CL +2 1/2%). A DCT test was performed first for establishment of peak elevation levels as constant load tests were performed at the peak elevation level attained (CL) and at a level 2 1/2% higher (CL + 2 1/2%). The second DCT test and the remaining three tests were administered randomly. Peak preformance capability (operationally defined as duration at highest grade elevation) was markedly reduced during progressive tests as compared with constant load tests. There was a similar reduction in peak performance capability during the CT test as compared with DCT test. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was quite similar among the various tests. It was concluded that VO2max attained during progressive, step increment, tests is unaffected by cumulative submaximal work. Discontinuous and continuous progressive tests provide similar VO2max results.