Induced electrodeposition of tungsten with nickel from acidic citrate electrolyte

Induced electrodeposition of Ni–W alloys was carried out onto steel substrates from acidic citrate baths (pH 4.5) under different conditions of concentration of electrolyte, current density and temperature. Bright and highly adherent Ni–W deposits were successfully obtained with a relatively high cathodic current efficiency CCE (80–85%). The CCE increases greatly with increasing pH and Ni²⁺ ion content in the bath. The W% in the alloy deposits is in the range of 4–20 wt% depending on the operating condition. The W content in the deposit was found to increase with an increase in Ni²⁺ ion content, pH and temperature. The surface morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy while the structure of the alloy was examined by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

The Influence of C60 Powders On Cultured Human Leukocytes

In order to check its possible acute toxicity, C₆₀ was incorporated into living human phagocytes. It was observed that C₆₀ has no influence on the survival of human leukocytes.     

Epoxidation of ethylenic linkages by chromic acid. III. The course of oxidation of mono-aryl aliphatic olefins by chromic oxide

The results of oxidation of some mono-aryl aliphatic olefins by chromic acid in aqueous sulphuric acid and by chromic oxide in acetic anhydride are compared and discussed.     

Temperature behavior of spiral inductors on high resistivity substrate in SOI CMOS technology

This paper reviews and analyzes a compact model for integrated planar spiral inductors on standard and high resistivity substrates in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. The inductors have been characterized over a temperature range from 25 to 200 °C. The temperature variation of each model parameter has been investigated. It demonstrates that only the variations of the metallic losses versus temperature have to be taken into account to model properly the high frequency behavior over a wide temperature range of a spiral inductor integrated on silicon high resistivity substrate. Based on these experimental and characterization results, guidelines for practical inductor designs in RFICs for high-temperature applications are drawn.     

NARP-HPLC/MS and silver cationization fingerprinting of triacylglycerols in wild and cultivar Tunisian peanut kernels

A simple strategy to identify triacylglycerols (TAGs) in wild and cultivar peanuts was performed using on line coupling of non-aqueous reversed phase chromatography-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (NARP-LC-ESI–MS) with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) as a post-column additive. The combination of the structural information given by MS with chromatographic retention laws led to the determination of the structure of TAGs in wild and cultivar peanut oil. In addition, by using the MS⁵ method, the regio-specificity of the TAGs was determined. It was also demonstrated that in Tunisian peanut oil, the saturates have a preference for the sn-1/sn-3 position for the arachidonic and behenic acids. In the wild variety fatty acids with odd numbers of carbons were found and more TAGs were identified in comparison to the cultivar peanut oil.     

Influence of secondary source technologies and energy management strategies on Energy Storage System sizing for fuel cell electric vehicles

Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have some limitation which make them less competitor to thermal ones and delay their commercialization. The most important problems as the range, the durability and the cost depend directly on the energy storage problematic issues. In this context, this work presents an optimal sizing methodology for an Energy Storage System (ESS) composed by a fuel cell and an assistant source to supply a lightweight vehicle with 700 km driving range. Firstly, a comparative study between single and hybrid source is carried out to show the benefits of hybridization according to the range in terms of weight, cost and fuel consumption. Moreover, in order to improve the hybrid source characteristics, three technologies of the secondary source are tested and evaluated to be chosen for hybridization with fuel cell system purposes. Furthermore, the influence of three Energy Management Strategies (EMSs) on ESS sizing is studied where an optimal strategy provides the most favorable dimensions of the hybrid system. Simulation results give us the best technology needed for hybridization and allow us adopting the optimal management strategy to design the hybrid source. Finally, in order to show the influence of the driving cycles on the ESS design, a comparison study using the New European Driving Cycle “NEDC” and the Assessment and Reliability of Transport Emission Models Inventory Systems (ARTEMIS) confirms that there is a slow influence of the driving cycle on the ESS sizes.     

Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Os-Doped Rhodium Clusters: a Theoretical Study

The stability and electronic and magnetic properties of Rh_nOs (n=?2–12) clusters in their most stable configurations were systematically studied by using density functional theory (DFT) at M06L/aug-cc-pVDZ level. Calculation of the second-order difference of energies and fragmentation energies exhibited that Rh₃Os, Rh₅Os, Rh₇Os, and Rh₉Os clusters are more stable than any other clusters. The calculated HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of the Rh_nOs clusters are found to be in the range of 0.018 to 0.299 eV, implying that the metallic behavior can appear in these clusters. Accordingly, the Rh_nOs clusters can be employed as heterogeneous nanocatalysts in many chemical reactions. The local Fukui function (\(f_{k}^{-} )\) has also been calculated, and the obtained results reveal that the highest \(f_{k}^{-} \) values are predicted for the Rh atoms. Therefore, the Rh atoms in the clusters are considered the most reactive sites that undergo reactions with electrophilic reagents. The analysis of the magnetic properties of the Rh_nOs clusters shows that the total magnetic moment per atom of these clusters varies from 0.67 to 1.75 µ_B/atom. And, the PDOS analysis reveals that the d orbitals play a crucial role for the magnetism of the Rh_nOs clusters, and the contribution of the s and p orbitals is small.     

IARP: An Intelligent ACO-Based Routing Protocol with Multiple Mobile Sinks Support for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - Using a single fixed sink in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) creates the hotspot problem. Recently, the mobile sink technique is considered as a good solution to...     

UV-curable acrylic resins for production of glass laminates

Glass laminates have been readily obtained by photocuring at ambient temperature of an acrylic adhesive consisting either of a liquid resin or a solid thermoplastic polymer. The light-induced polymerization process was followed by real-time infrared spectroscopy. Close to 100% conversion was reached within a few seconds of exposure, by taking as the photoinitiator an α-hydroxy alkylphenone or an aryl phosphine oxide. A liquid formulation containing an aliphatic polyurethane–acrylate oligomer, acrylic acid, and butyl acrylate gives the best performance in terms of reactivity, adhesion, impact resistance, and transparency. The impact resistance was further increased by introducing a polycarbonate core between the two glass plates. The solid thermoplastic polymer was obtained either by casting from a solution containing an aliphatic polyurethane, an acrylate oligomer, and the photoinitiator or by mixing these compounds in the molten state and further extrusion. The glass assembly was heated above the softening temperature (80°C) under a 1 MPa pressure and cured by a 1 min exposure to UV radiation to give a strongly adhesive laminate showing good transparency and long term weatherability. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

The role ofAzolla in curbing ammonia volatilization from flooded rice systems

By the year 2020, an additional 300 million tons of rice are needed annually to meet the demands of a growing population. If our natural resource base is to be preserved, intensification strategies should rely on integrated nutrient management, making full use of biological nitrogen fixation. TheAzolla-Anabaena complex is amongst the most effective systems of fixing nitrogen. In this paper we present evidence from greenhouse studies on the potential ofAzolla to curb the volatilization of NH₃ following the application of urea to a mixedAzolla-rice culture, providing a new incentive for developing ways of integratingAzolla in intensive rice cultivation systems.The results of a series of short term greenhouse experiments show that a full cover ofAzolla can significantly reduce losses of applied urea-N from 45 and 50% to 20 and 13% for the 30 and 60 kg N ha^–1 treatments, respectively. About one-quarter of the applied N was tied up in theAzolla biomass. The applied N inhibitedAzolla growth as well as the amount of N fixed. Inoculation with smaller quantities ofAzolla allowing for more vigorousAzolla multiplication was equally effective in reducing NH₃ volatilization and doubled the amount of¹⁵N tied-up byAzolla. The reduction in NH₃ volatilization is largely related to the depression byAzolla of the floodwater pH, which in its absence may reach values between 9 and 10 as a result of algal activity.Early rice growth responded positively to urea as well as the large quantities of appliedAzolla and increased the yield potential of the crop. Smaller quantities ofAzolla alone were not effective in this regard. The conservation of fertilizer N byAzolla, particularly when it fully covered the water, was reflected in a synergistic effect on rice dry matter production, amounting to 9% at the 30 kg N rate and 16% at the 60 kg N rate. In all likelihood this interaction is attributable to the higher efficiency of the applied N. The benefits ofAzolla in conserving basal urea-N even in small quantities (200-500 kg fresh material ha^–1), outweighed competition for the applied N and may be as important as its BNF. The most promising integratedAzolla/rice management systems emerging from our studies should be given further attention under field conditions.