Taste Panel Preference Correlated with Lipid Composition of Barley Dried Distillers' Grains

Milled barley dried distillers' grains (DDG), bleached DDG, defatted DDG and bleached, defatted DDG were added to oatmeal cookies at 15% flour replacement levels. Sensory evaluation indicated that defatting significantly improved the acceptability of both DDG and bleached DDG. A consumer panel found oatmeal cookies and cookies containing defatted DDG to be equally accpetable followed, in decreasing order of preference, by cookies containing DDG, blanched, defatted DDG and bleached DDG. Thin-layer chromatography and gas liquid chromatography indicated that, compared to literature values for barley, DDG and bleached DDG contained increased quantities of free fatty acids (FFA) and reduced amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in both the FFA and triacylglycerol fractions.     

Undergraduate Learning Portfolios for Institutional Assessment

Our objectives were to develop a model of student portfolios that simultaneously promotes student learning, provides useful outcomes assessment data, and is logistically feasible. From our pilot test of three portfolio models, we conclude that requiring students in selected courses to complete portfolio entries solves most of the logistics problems associated with a large‐scale portfolio plan. Such entries can promote learning by providing a focus for career and educational planning discussions between students and faculty academic advisors. Course faculty are probably in the best position to use the outcomes assessment data obtained from the entries.     

Thermohydrodynamic Modeling of Leading-Edge Groove Bearings under Starvation Condition

A recent trend in industry is to use directly lubricated bearings with reduced oil flow to achieve minimum power consumption. However, too much oil flow reduction would cause bearing failure. This work presents a comprehensive thermohydrodynamic algorithm that predicts the performance of the leading-edge groove bearing under low oil flow and starvation conditions. Because of starvation, more analyses are added and extra uncertainties are inevitably introduced in the theoretical models. The influence of starvation on pad temperature, power loss, journal eccentricity, attitude angle, and dynamic coefficients are investigated and discussed. The numerical results are compared with published experimental data with generally satisfactory agreement.     

全球参考设计：理解IP不均衡

随着硅片设计和软件设计复杂性的提高,元器件供应商不再只是向工程师提供启动设计所需的数据单,而是提供更多的信息.     

THE MEASUREMENT OF THE FLOW AROUND A SPHERE SETTLING IN A RECTANGULAR BOX USING 3-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY

A novel three-dimensional particle image velocimetry technique is used to measure the planar three-dimensional flow field about the centreline of a sphere sedimenting in a rectangular shaped box. Measurements are made in the center of the container and also one diameter from a plane wall. Results are presented for a sphere falling in both a constant viscosity elastic (Boger) fluid and a shear-thinning elastic liquid. In the center of the box, the flow field is essentially two-dimensional as expected. Near the wall, there is substantial out-of-plane motion in the shear-thinning solution due to the presence of the wall. Surprisingly, there is little out-of-plane motion for a sphere sedimenting near the wall in the Boger fluid. There are significant qualitative differences in the flow field for the sphere sedimenting in the shear-thinning and constant viscosity elastic liquids. The results are compared with previously published work for a sphere settling in a non-Newtonian fluid and also with results obtained in an identical geometry for a Newtonian fluid. Reasons for the differences in the velocity maps are discussed. The drag coefficient for each geometry and fluid is calculated.     

Cryogenic‐temperature electron microscopy direct imaging of carbon nanotubes and graphene solutions in superacids

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) is a powerful tool for imaging liquid and semiliquid systems. While cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) is a standard technique in many fields, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo‐SEM) is still not that widely used and is far less developed. The vast majority of systems under investigation by cryo‐EM involve either water or organic components. In this paper, we introduce the use of novel cryo‐TEM and cryo‐SEM specimen preparation and imaging methodologies, suitable for highly acidic and very reactive systems. Both preserve the native nanostructure in the system, while not harming the expensive equipment or the user. We present examples of direct imaging of single‐walled, multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene, dissolved in chlorosulfonic acid and oleum. Moreover, we demonstrate the ability of these new cryo‐TEM and cryo‐SEM methodologies to follow phase transitions in carbon nanotube (CNT)/superacid systems, starting from dilute solutions up to the concentrated nematic liquid‐crystalline CNT phases, used as the ‘dope’ for all‐carbon‐fibre spinning. Originally developed for direct imaging of CNTs and graphene dissolution and self‐assembly in superacids, these methodologies can be implemented for a variety of highly acidic systems, paving a way for a new field of nonaqueous cryogenic electron microscopy.     

FREE EDGE EFFECT ON RESIDUAL STRESSES AND DEBOND OF A COMPOSITE FIBRE/MATRIX INTERFACE

SUMMARY

In this study, the free edge effect on the fibre matrix interface of a single fibre metal matrix composite has been investigated. It was found, using both an approximate elasticity model and finite element analysis, that the interracial radial residual stress has a reversal in sign, from negative to positive with a high gradient, in the neighbourhood of a free edge. An additional finite element analysis, using contact element at the interface, predicted that the stress reversal would produce a sizeable circumferential interfacial debond, assuming zero interfacial tensile strength. Finally, an ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation technique has indirectly illustrated the existence of this interfacial debond prior to any mechanical loading. The method of phase alteration of back-reflected ultrasonic shear wave has provided a new approach for detecting microscopic scale failure in composites.     

HlGt-i TEMPERATURE-SHORT TIME (HTST) PROCESSING OF SUSPENSIONS CONTAINING BACTERIAL SPORES

HTST sterilization of nutrient broth containing particles inoculated with B. subtilis 5230 spores was evaluated. The particles were tight rolls of chromatography paper 12.7 mm long by 7.64 mm in diam. Presence of these particles increased the time needed to sterilize the broth. These results are quantitatively presented as a protection ratio. For nutrient broth containing paper rolls, the protection ratio was of no concern at a processing temperature of 240° F, began to become important at 250° F and became the dominant factor at 260° F and above. It is thus established that the time of a HTST process of liquids containing particles differs significantly from HTST processing of clear liquids. For example, this difference should apply to commercial HTST processing of meat in a gravy stew or dumplings in a chicken soup as contrasted with consommes or to fermentation mashes as compared to fermentation broths.