机器推理的进展与展望

机器学习算法的发展仍受到泛化能力较弱、鲁棒性较差、缺乏可解释性等问题的限制.文中介绍机器推理,说明推理对于机器学习人的知识和逻辑、理解和解释世界的重要作用.首先分析人类大脑推理机制,从认知地图、神经元和奖赏回路,扩展到受脑启发的直觉推理、神经网络和强化学习.进而总结机器推理的方式及其相互关联的现状、进展及挑战,具体包括直觉推理、常识推理、因果推理和关系推理等.最后展望机器推理的应用前景与未来的研究方向.     

柴油机燃用不同比例菜籽油生物柴油和乙醇柴油的对比试验研究

在一台S195直喷柴油机上进行燃料燃烧对比试验,试验结果表明,燃用生物柴油和乙醇柴油会使柴油机的动力性有所下降,其中菜籽油生物柴油的动力性接近纯柴油燃料的动力性,乙醇柴油的动力性相对较差。生物柴油和乙醇柴油的油耗率都比纯柴油要高,生物柴油的油耗率要高于乙醇柴油。但随负荷的增大,这种差距呈下降趋势。生物柴油和乙醇柴油在较大工况范围都可以保持比纯柴油燃料较低的CO排放量。低负荷状态下改善不明显,甚至会增大;高负荷工况下,混合燃料的CO排放比纯柴油降低较多。绝大部分工况下,生物柴油和乙醇柴油燃料的HC排放都比纯柴油高。绝大部分工况下,生物柴油和乙醇柴油的NOx排放和碳烟排放都比纯柴油低,其中生物柴油的表现优于乙醇柴油。     

Optimal wavelet filter design for remote sensing image compression

A new approach for designing the Biorthogonal Wavelet Filter Bank （BWFB） for the purpose of image compression is presented in this letter. The approach is decomposed into two steps. First, an optimal filter bank is designed in theoretical sense based on Vaidyanathan＇s coding gain criterion in SubBand Coding （SBC） system. Then the above filter bank is optimized based on the criterion of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio （PSNR） in JPEG2000 image compression system, resulting in a BWFB in practical application sense. With the approach, a series of BWFB for a specific class of applications related to image compression, such as remote sensing images, can be fast designed. Here, new 5/3 BWFB and 9/7 BWFB are presented based on the above approach for the remote sensing image compression applications. Experiments show that the two filter banks are equally performed with respect to CDF 9/7 and LT 5/3 filter in JPEG2000 standard; at the same time, the coefficients and the lifting parameters of the lifting scheme are all rational, which bring the computational advantage, and the ease for VLSI implementation.     

郁江上游洪水分析

用多种洪水演进方法对郁江上游南宁、百色年最大洪水、特别是百色到南宁区间洪水作了分析计算，得出百色至南宁区间设计洪水成果，与实测比较精度较高     

One airport detection method based on support vector machine

This paper proposes a novel airport detection method, which integrates the texture features and shape features of the airport. Eight texture features, such as the mean of the region, the deviation of the region, the smoothness of the region, the skewness of a histogram, the uniformity of the region, the randomness of the region, the mean of the gradient image and the deviation of the gradient image, are used to represent the features of the region. In this method, first the long lines are detected and the regions where the lines locate are segmented. Second, support vector machine (SVM) based on Gaussian kernel is used as a classifier which discriminates the runway from other candidate regions. Experimental results show that the error rate of the proposed method is lower than those of conventional methods which detect airport only by the shape feature of runway. The detection accuracy of the proposed method is nearly ten times higher than that of Liu’s methods, and the method has favorable speed for a real-time system. __________ Translated from Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2006, 40(6): 709–713 [译自: 西安交通大学学报]     

X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA AND STRUCTURE REFINEMENT OF COMPOUND ErNi_2Si_2

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓＲＥＴ２Ｓｉ２，ｗｈｅｒｅＲＥｉｓａｒａｒｅｅａｒｔｈｅｌｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄＴｉｓａｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｍｅｔａｌｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ，ｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｗｉｔｈｇｒｅａｔｉｎ?..     

影响京南水电站上网电价的因素和存在问题初探

论述了影响京南水电站上网电价的因素，提出了降低上网电价的几个方法。认为，在广西比较落后的工业基础上的新电高价是不可取的。     

基于模型的机器人强化学习研究综述

基于模型的强化学习通过学习一个环境模型和基于此模型的策略优化或规划,实现机器人更接近于人类的学习和交互方式.文中简述机器人学习问题的定义,介绍机器人学习中基于模型的强化学习方法,包括主流的模型学习及模型利用的方法.主流的模型学习方法具体介绍前向动力学模型、逆向动力学模型和隐式模型.模型利用的方法具体介绍基于模型的规划、...     

外源水杨酸对“紫花”芒果贮藏品质的影响

研究了不同浓度的外源水杨酸对“紫花”芒果贮藏品质的影响,结果表明,芒果采收后用1mmol/L和 5 mmol/L水杨酸处理,在常温(20℃)贮藏过程中,与清水处理的对照果实相比,可以降低果实的腐烂率,延缓果实贮藏期间颜色的转黄、固酸比的增高和果实的软化。1mmol/L水杨酸作用效果比 5 mmol/L水杨酸好。说明低浓度(如 1mmol/L)水杨酸处理能够延缓芒果果实的后熟衰老。