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91.
Jandro L. Abot Yi Song Maruthi Sri Vatsavaya Sandeep Medikonda Zachary Kier Chaminda Jayasinghe Nathan Rooy Vesselin N. Shanov Mark J. Schulz 《Composites Science and Technology》2010
Laminated composite materials can reach high mechanical properties at low weight. Composite materials, however, are susceptible to damage due to their low interlaminar mechanical properties and poor heat and charge transport in the transverse direction to the laminate. Moreover, methods to inspect and ensure the reliability of composites are expensive and labor intensive. Recently carbon nanotube forests were spun into thread that is tough and electrically conductive. The thread was integrated into composite materials and used for the first time as a sensor to monitor strains and detect damage including delamination in the material. These self-sensing composites were found to be very sensitive to damage and will help to revolutionize the maintenance of composite structures, which will now be based on their condition and not their amount of use. 相似文献
92.
Jing Peng Diane M. Barrett Shyam S. Sablani Nathan Anderson Joseph R. Powers 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2017,57(14):2970-2995
Increasing consumer desire for high quality ready-to-eat foods makes thermal pasteurization important to both food producers and researchers. To be in compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), food companies seek regulatory and scientific guidelines to ensure that their products are safe. Clearly understanding the regulations for chilled or frozen foods is of fundamental importance to the design of thermal pasteurization processes for vegetables that meet food safety requirements. This article provides an overview of the current regulations and guidelines for pasteurization in the U.S. and in Europe for control of bacterial pathogens. Poorly understood viral pathogens, in terms of their survival in thermal treatments, are an increasing concern for both food safety regulators and scientists. New data on heat resistance of viruses in different foods are summarized. Food quality attributes are sensitive to thermal degradation. A review of thermal kinetics of inactivation of quality-related enzymes in vegetables and the effects of thermal pasteurization on vegetable quality is presented. The review also discusses shelf-life of thermally pasteurized vegetables. 相似文献
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A substantial amount of research has demonstrated the importance of reference frames in organizing memory of object locations in both small and large environments. However, to date, little research has examined how the object locations represented in one reference frame are specified relative to object locations represented in another. In a series of 4 experiments, we demonstrate that multiple microreference frames can be established in memory for sets of objects that are spatially and semantically distinct, and that the spatial relations between these microreference frames are specified in memory by means of a more global, macroreference frame. Additionally, these experiments demonstrate that an established macroreference frame can influence which of several microreference frames will be coded in memory, but that a previously established microreference frame had no appreciable influence on the subsequent formation of a macroreference frame. These results are interpreted as indicating that the same cognitive mechanisms underlie interobject coding across multiple environmental scales. The implications for reference frame theories and theories positing hierarchical memory organization are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
95.
Burkard Alan W.; Pruitt Nathan T.; Medler Barbara R.; Stark-Booth Ann M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,3(1):37
In this paper, the authors report on the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Working Alliance Self-Efficacy Scales (LGB-WASES) with data collected from two studies and 534 counseling trainees. Exploratory factor analysis results yielded a 32-item scale with a three-factor model (a) Emotional Bond, (b) Establishing Tasks, and (c) Setting Goals. LGB-WASES scores were internally consistent and remained stable over a 3-week period. Construct validity evidence suggests the LGB-WASES scores were (a) positively related to general perceptions of counseling self-efficacy and multicultural counseling competency, (b) negatively related to attitudes toward lesbians and gay men, and (d) unrelated to social desirability. Recommendations for future research are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
96.
Nathan A. Tregger Margaret E. Pakula Surendra P. Shah 《Cement and Concrete Research》2010,40(3):384-391
The fresh state of concrete is becoming increasingly important in furthering the types of applications of today's construction world. Processing techniques have resulted in technologies such as self-consolidating concrete and depend on the microstructural changes that take place during and immediately after mixing and placing. These changes to the microstructure reflect the flocculation behavior between the particles in suspension. The ability to modify this behavior allows control over the balance among flowability and shape-stability of concrete. This study investigates how clay admixtures affect the microstructure of cement pastes from a rheological stand point. Shear and compressive rheology techniques are used to measure how the solids volume fraction of suspensions with different admixtures evolves with stress. Based on these relationships, the effectiveness of clays on the balance between flowability and shape-stability is measured. Results are consistent with green strength tests performed on concrete mixes derived from the cement paste mixes. 相似文献
97.
Yichuan Ding Nathan Krislock Jiawei Qian Henry Wolkowicz 《Optimization and Engineering》2010,11(1):45-66
We study Semidefinite Programming, SDP, relaxations for Sensor Network Localization, SNL, with anchors and with noisy distance information. The main point of the paper is to view SNL as a (nearest) Euclidean Distance Matrix, EDM, completion problem that does not distinguish between the anchors and the sensors. We show that there are advantages for
using the well studied EDM model. In fact, the set of anchors simply corresponds to a given fixed clique for the graph of the EDM problem. 相似文献
98.
Robert J. Osborn Nathan F. Taylor Chance W. Spencer Don R. Collins 《Aerosol science and technology》2013,47(9):759-772
A field-deployable instrument has been developed that isolates from an ambient aerosol those particles that have critical supersaturations, Sc, within a narrow, user-specified, range. This Differential Activation Separator (DAS) consists of two continuous flow diffusion chambers housed within a single enclosure. Particles are introduced into the upstream chamber referred to as the CCN remover (CCNR) near the centerline between a warm, water-soaked, plate and a cool, continuously circulated, water bath. Those particles that activate at the resulting peak supersaturation, Sp, grow quickly and fall into the water bath. The remaining aerosol enters the second chamber referred to as the CCN separator (CCNS), which differs from the CCNR primarily in the use of a salt solution in the lower bath. The imposed temperature differential establishes an Sp slightly higher than that maintained in the upstream chamber, while the presence of a salt solution at the lower boundary results in a subsaturated region in roughly the lower half of the chamber. Those particles having (Sp)CCNR < S c < (Sp)CCNS activate in this chamber and begin to fall due to gravitational settling. Before reaching the lower bath, the droplets evaporate in the subsaturated environment and continue to travel towards the chamber exit. The previously activated particles in the lower half of the chamber and the unactivated particles in the upper half are extracted in separate flows that are subsequently dried. Calibration of the DAS was achieved by measuring the size distribution of separated particles when a polydisperse ammonium sulfate aerosol was introduced. 相似文献
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100.
A model is introduced that utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) to predict relative reductions in crop yield due to salinity and waterlogging at a field-scale by incorporating spatially and temporally variable crop, climatic, and irrigation data to simulate crop yields. This model utilizes soil and water data commonly collected in field-scale studies. The model’s algorithms are integrated into a GIS (ARCVIEW 3.2) as an extension. The result is a model that does not require extraordinary data collection but will provide practical insight into the spatial effects of salinity and waterlogging on crop yields. 相似文献