Formation of novel polymeric nanoparticles

We have found that not only block copolymers but also ionomers can self-assemble in a selective solvent to form surfactant-free nanoparticles. The self-assembly can be induced by chemical reaction, polymer-polymer complexation, and microphase inversion in addition to the temperature. A recently developed microwave method for the preparation of uniform surfactant-free polymeric nanoparticles is also reviewed. Our results have revealed that for a given dispersion, the particle surface area occupied per stabilizer (surfactant, polymer chains, and ionic groups) is close to a constant.     

Acceleration or retardation to crystallization if liquid-liquid phase separation occurs: Studies on a polyolefin blend by SAXS/WAXD, DSC and TEM

Blends of statistical copolymers containing ethylene/hexene (PEH) and ethylene/butene (PEB) exhibited the behavior of upper critical solution temperature (UCST). The interplay between the early and intermediate stage liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) and crystallization of the PEH/PEB 50/50 blend was studied by time-resolved simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. Samples were treated by two different quench procedures: in single quench, the sample was directly quenched from 160 °C to isothermal crystallization temperature of 114 °C; while in double quench, the sample was firstly quenched to 130 °C for 20 min annealing, where LLPS occurred, and then to 114 °C. It was found that in the early stage of crystallization, the integrated values of Iq² and crystallinity, X_c, in the double quench procedure were consistently higher than those in the single quench procedure, which could be attributed to accelerated nucleation induced by enhanced concentration fluctuations and interfacial tension. In the late stage of crystallization, some morphological parameters were found to crossover and then reverse, which could be explained by retardation of lamellar growth due to phase separation formed during the double quench procedure. This phenomenon was also confirmed by DSC measurements in blends of different compositions at varying isothermal crystallization temperatures. The crystal lamellar thickness determined by SAXS showed a good agreement with TEM observation. Results indicated that the early stage LLPS in the PEH/PEB blend prior to crystallization indeed dictated the resulting lamellar structures, including the average size of lamellar stack and the stack distribution. There seemed to be little variation of lamellar thickness and long period between the two quenching procedures (i.e., single quench versus double quench).     

《金银岛》中的"二元对立"现象探讨

<金银岛>是英国新浪漫主义小说家史蒂文森的代表作之一,其中贯穿着人物角色的二元对立性.对该小说中的二元对立现象进行探讨,认为<金银岛>中不仅包含人物道德立场上的善恶对立,而且还存在着人物行为方式上的浪漫与理性的对立.     

Synthesis and characterization of soluble aromatic azopolyamides containing sulfone and ether units

A series of new polyamides 3a–d containing aryl-azo, ether and sulfone groups in the main chain were synthesized from bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl sulfone] 1 and several azo aromatic diacyl chlorides 2a–d by the low temperature solution polycondensation technique. FTIR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analyses confirmed the structure of these polymers. Owing to the aryl and amide groups in the main chain, these polymers exhibit photochromic properties as well as excellent thermal stabilities. The transition temperatures (T _g) are between 242 and 265 °C, and the char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere were above 39%. Based on incorporation of flexible ether linkages and polar sulfone groups, the polyamides show desirable solubility in organic solvents such as DMAc, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrroidinone (NMP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). And it is exemplified that polyamide containing 2 and 2′ substitutes performed better solubility. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50572081)     

我国土地资源配置的“双失”问题及对策研究

摘 要 研究目的:从西方经济学的原理出发,通过对我国土地资源配置中市场失灵和政府失灵问题的分 析,寻求在市场和政府的双重作用机制下土地资源高效配置的实现途径。研究方法:文献资料分析法、比 较分析法。研究结果:在市场经济条件下,单纯地依靠市场或政府,不可能实现我国土地资源的优化配置, 必须将二者结合起来,以规划的宏观调控来弥补和矫正市场失灵的缺陷,但是当前的土地利用规划存在失 效的负面影响。研究结论:应该从加强土地利用规划的政府宏观调控与完善土地市场机制两个途径入手, 实现土地资源的高效配置。     

p-moment stability of stochastic impulsive differential equations and its application in impulsive control

The exponential p-moment stability of stochastic impulsive differential equations is addressed. A new theorem to ensure the p-moment stability is established for the trivial solution of the stochastic impulsive differential system. As an application of the theorem proposed, the problem of controlling chaos of Lorenz system which is excited by parameter white-noise excitation is considered using impulsive control method. Finally, numerical simulation results are given to verify the feasibility of our approach. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10772046)     

多路输出反激式开关电源的改进与实现

针对传统开关电源存在的控制芯片供电方式耗能较大、反馈电路光耦有效输入电流范围窄两个问题,对传统电源电路进行了改进,设计并实现了一款性能优良的48V转+5V、±15V,输出功率25W的三路输出反激式开关电源。样机输出电压精度为0.2%(+5V)、0.53%(+15V)、0.6%(-15V),输出电压纹波为20mV(+5V)、50mV(+15V)、60mV(-15V),电压精度和纹波率均满足小于1%的要求;测试表明:该电源性能优良,具有效率高,稳压精度高,负载调整率高等优点,有很高的生产应用价值。     

基于标定的任意半径柱面上2维条形码畸变校正

摘 要：二维条码在直接零件标识技术中应用越来越广泛,但存在标刻在柱形零件上的二维条码由于扭曲形变而无法识读的问题。为了校正这种畸变,论文分析了柱面二维条码的畸变形成原理,然后基于标定的机器视觉装置与透视投影原理建立柱面上二维条码畸变校正模型,最后通过图像信息估计出柱形零件半径参数信息,并代入畸变校正模型得到最终的校正结果。实验结果表明,该方法能够较好的校正自由半径柱面上二维条码的扭曲畸变。     

基于分组卷积和快照集成的图像隐写分析方法

现存的大多数隐写分析方法的泛化能力较弱,无法对未知隐写算法有效检测,使得其分类的准确性在实际运用过程中大幅度降低。针对这个问题,提出了一种基于分组卷积和快照集成的图像隐写分析方法(snapshot ensembling steganalysis network, SENet)。首先,残差卷积块和分组卷积块对图像的特征进行提取并利用;其次,在每个训练周期中得到性能最好的模型作为快照模型;最后将选定的快照模型进行集成后对图像进行分类。该方法应用分组卷积和快照集成的技术,避免了传统集成方法的高训练成本以及单一分类器泛化能力有限的问题。实验结果表明,该方法可以提升隐写分析模型的准确率,并且在训练集和测试集失配时,也能够有效地进行分类,具有较高的模型泛化能力。