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51.
A study of place cognition and ‘place units’ in robots produced via artificial evolution is described. Previous studies have investigated the possible role of place cells as building blocks for ‘cognitive maps’ representing place, distance and direction. Studies also show, however, that when animals are restrained, the spatial selectivity of place cells is partially or completely lost. This suggests that the role of place cells in spatial cognition depends not only on the place cells themselves, but also on representations of the animal's physical interactions with its environment. This hypothesis is tested in a population of evolved robots. The results suggest that successful place cognition requires not only the ability to process spatial information, but also the ability to select the environmental stimuli to which the agent is exposed. If this is so, theories of active perception can make a useful contribution to explaining the role of place cells in spatial cognition. 相似文献
52.
Leonardo Pisani Dr. Marco Catto Dr. Ilenia Giangreco Dr. Francesco Leonetti Dr. Orazio Nicolotti Dr. Angela Stefanachi Dr. Saverio Cellamare Prof. Angelo Carotti Prof. 《ChemMedChem》2010,5(9):1616-1630
A large series of substituted coumarins linked through an appropriate spacer to 3‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethylanilino or 3‐hydroxy‐N,N,N‐trialkylbenzaminium moieties were synthesized and evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. The highest AChE inhibitory potency in the 3‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethylanilino series was observed with a 6,7‐dimethoxy‐3‐substituted coumarin derivative, which, along with an outstanding affinity (IC50=0.236 nM ) exhibits excellent AChE/BChE selectivity (SI>300 000). Most of the synthesized 3‐hydroxy‐N,N,N‐trialkylbenzaminium salts display an AChE affinity in the sub‐nanomolar to picomolar range along with excellent AChE/BChE selectivities (SI values up to 138 333). The combined use of docking and molecular dynamics simulations permitted us to shed light on the observed structure–affinity and structure–selectivity relationships, to detect two possible alternative binding modes, and to assess the critical role of π–π stacking interactions in the AChE peripheral binding site. 相似文献
53.
氢氧化钠(NaOH)和焦磷酸钠(Na4P2O7)是从陆相环境中分离腐植酸(HA)最常用的2种萃取剂。为了评价萃取剂对HA性质和微量元素的影响,采用3种不同溶液,即(a)0.5moi/L NaOH;(b)01mol/LNa4P2O7;(c)0.5mol/LNaOH+0.1mol/LNa。巳0。从54-泥炭藓泥炭样品中分离HA,并分析了萃取得到的HA的灰分含量、元素组成和主要原子比,以及傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和发光光谱特征。此外,还用X射线荧光法测定泥炭样品和HA中的Br、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb和Zn的含量。试验结果表明:用NaOH和NaOH+Na4P2O7萃取的HA在灰分、元素含量和光谱特征上十分相似,而Na4P2O7溶液通常降低了萃取率,似乎是影响了HA的本质,使之具有更加复合和芳香性的特征。与原泥炭样品比较,不论什么萃取剂萃取得到的HA,其Br、Cu和Ni含量均增加,而Fe、Pb和Zn含量减少。相比于其他的方法,用Na4P2O2萃取得到的HA含有更多Br、Cu、Ni和Zn,可能是因为HA的芳香性分子对这些元素显示出更大的亲和力。 相似文献
54.
Luca Filippi Viviana Frantellizzi Agostino Chiaravalloti Mariano Pontico Maria Silvia De Feo Ferdinando Corica Melissa Montebello Orazio Schillaci Giuseppe De Vincentis Oreste Bagni 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) represents a condition of progressive disease in spite of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with a broad spectrum of manifestations ranging from no symptoms to severe debilitation due to bone or visceral metastatization. The management of mCRPC has been profoundly modified by introducing novel therapeutic tools such as antiandrogen drugs (i.e., abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide), immunotherapy through sipuleucel-T, and targeted alpha therapy (TAT). This variety of approaches calls for unmet need of biomarkers suitable for patients’ pre-treatment selection and prognostic stratification. In this scenario, imaging with positron emission computed tomography (PET/CT) presents great and still unexplored potential to detect specific molecular and metabolic signatures, some of whom, such as the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), can also be exploited as therapeutic targets, thus combining diagnosis and therapy in the so-called “theranostic” approach. In this review, we performed a web-based and desktop literature research to investigate the prognostic and theranostic potential of several PET imaging probes, such as 18F-FDG, 18F-choline and 68Ga-PSMA-11, also covering the emerging tracers still in a pre-clinical phase (e.g., PARP-inhibitors’ analogs and the radioligands binding to gastrin releasing peptide receptors/GRPR), highlighting their potential for defining personalized care pathways in mCRPC. 相似文献
55.
Manuela Montanaro Manuel Scimeca Lucia Anemona Francesca Servadei Erica Giacobbi Rita Bonfiglio Elena Bonanno Nicoletta Urbano Arnaldo Ippoliti Giuseppe Santeusanio Orazio Schillaci Alessandro Mauriello 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Background: this study aims to investigate the possible association among the histopathologic features of carotid plaque instability, the presence of micro- or macrocalcifications, the expression of in situ inflammatory biomarkers, and the occurrence of the major risk factors in this process in a large series of carotid plaques. Methods: a total of 687 carotid plaques from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were collected. Histological evaluation was performed to classify the calcium deposits in micro or macrocalcifications according to their morphological features (location and size). Immunohistochemistry was performed to study the expression of the main inflammatory biomarkers. Results: results here reported demonstrated that calcifications are very frequent in carotid plaques, with a significant difference between the presence of micro- and macrocalcifications. Specifically, microcalcifications were significantly associated to high inflamed unstable plaques. Paradoxically, macrocalcifications seem to stabilize the plaque and are associated to a M2 macrophage polarization instead. Discussion: the characterization of mechanisms involved in the formation of carotid calcifications can lay the foundation for developing new strategies for the management of patients affected by carotid atherosclerosis. Data of this study could provide key elements for an exhaustive evaluation of carotid plaque calcifications allowing to establish the risk of associated clinical events. 相似文献
56.
57.
Emilia Bevacqua Manuela Curcio Federica Saletta Orazio Vittorio Giuseppe Cirillo Paola Tucci 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(13)
Functional nanocarriers which are able to simultaneously vectorize drugs to the site of interest and exert their own cytotoxic activity represent a significant breakthrough in the search for effective anticancer strategies with fewer side effects than conventional chemotherapeutics. Here, we propose previously developed, self-assembling dextran-curcumin nanoparticles for the treatment of prostate cancer in combination therapy with Doxorubicin (DOXO). Biological effectiveness was investigated by evaluating the cell viability in either cancer and normal cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptotic effect, interference with the cell cycle, and the ability to inhibit cell migration and reverse the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The results proved a significant enhancement of curcumin efficiency upon immobilization in nanoparticles: IC50 reduced by a half, induction of apoptotic effect, and improved ROS production (from 67 to 134%) at low concentrations. Nanoparticles guaranteed a pH-dependent DOXO release, with a more efficient release in acidic environments. Finally, a synergistic effect between nanoparticles and Doxorubicin was demonstrated, with the free curcumin showing additive activity. Although in vivo studies are required to support the findings of this study, these preliminary in vitro data can be considered a proof of principle for the design of an effective therapy for prostate cancer treatment. 相似文献
58.
Giovanni Giavelli Orazio Rossi 《The International journal of environmental studies》2013,70(3-4):217-224
Factual databanks can make an important contribution to environmental management. They help considerably with the difficult processes of integrating the various scientific languages used, and also with the development of valid methods for interdisciplinary research. In the planning the Aeolian project (a multidisciplinary study of an Archipelago north of Sicily), it was considered useful to include a group of workers on methodology and computer science. The hope is that they will help to facilitate the exchange of data and thus contribute to a better understanding of the various phenomena occurring on the islands. This paper discusses the conceptual working aspects of environmental information, together with those characteristics that render it suitable for inclusion in a modern computer‐based system. 相似文献
59.
60.
Rebecca J. Brand Abigail BonatsosRebecca D’Orazio Hilary DeShong 《Computers in human behavior》2012,28(1):166-170
Attractive people are considered by others to have many positive qualities and in the case of social skills and intelligence, these attributions are often true. In internet dating, individuals with attractive profile photos are viewed more favorably overall, but no research has yet established whether they indeed have more positive qualities. We addressed this issue by having 50 women independently rate 100 photos and free-written texts taken from males’ profiles on a popular dating website. Photos rated as physically attractive had profile texts that were rated as more attractive, even though photos and texts were rated by different judges. Perceived confidence seemed to play a mediating role, suggesting that attractive men write appealing texts because they are aware of their high mate value. Thus, contrary to popular belief, the internet does not seem to “level the playing field.” 相似文献