光电耦合器电流传输比的噪声表征

光电耦合器中可俘获载流子的陷阱密度是影响其电流传输比(CTR)的重要因素,并与器件可靠性有密切关系.在器件内部的多种噪声中,1/f噪声可有效地表征器件陷阱密度.本文在研究光电耦合器工作原理以及1/f噪声理论的基础上,建立了光电耦合器的CTR表征模型和1/f噪声模型.在输入电流宽范围变化的条件下,测量了器件的电学噪声和CTR变化,实验结果验证了以上模型的正确性.将CTR模型与噪声模型相结合,得到了CTR与1/f噪声之间的关系.此关系应用于对光电耦合器辐照实验结果的分析,实验结果与理论得到的结论一致.理论与实验结果表明,噪声幅值越大,电流指数越接近于2,则器件的可靠性越差,相同工作条件下CTR的老化衰减量越大,其失效率显著增大.从而证明噪声可表征光电耦合器的CTR并能准确地反映器件的可靠性.     

改进的萤火虫群优化算法及其非线性盲源分离

摘要：根据萤火虫算法的特点,针对萤火虫算法较早进入局部收敛的不足进行改进,引入了“挡板效应”的方法,扩大种群多样性,并提出了BGSO算法。在分析了非线性盲源分离模型的基础上,利用系统两次遍历萤火虫群,比较评价函数,获得最优解的方式。其有效性被仿真结果所证实。     

3G无线网络建设问题探讨

移动通信低速语音通信向高速数据通信转变,通信业务由室外向室内转移,无线网络从信号覆盖型向信息容量型演进,网络架构正在发生深刻变革。变革对网络建设、技术和管理提出了新的挑战和要求。针对存在的问题和挑战,提出了相关建议,并介绍了广东联通在技术和管理创新方面的有益尝试。     

Guanidine and Galactose Decorated Nanophotosensitizer with Oxygen Self-Sufficient Capability for the Localized Ablation of Oral Biofilm

Dental caries is a common disease caused by plaque biofilms, which are important pathogenic factors in many diseases. When hosts are overexposed to dietary sugars, pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and other cariogenic bacteria, metabolically assemble an extracellular matrix rich in exopolysaccharides to form a disease-causing biofilm, in which the microenvironment is characterized by regional hypoxia, low pH, and nutritional deprivation. Current antimicrobials with inadequate penetration and a lack of pathogens targeting the biofilm do not degrade the protective matrix within the biofilm. In this study, a guanidine and galactose decorated nanophotosensitizer with oxygen self-sufficient capability, p(GF/GEF)-I, is developed to enhance the permeability of biofilms by positively charging the particle surface and easily binding to the bacteria within the membrane through electrostatic interactions. 90% of the biofilm on enamel surface is eliminated after treatment with p(GF/GEF)-I under laser irradiation. Notably, the nanophotosensitizer inhibits the recolonization of dental biofilms by S. mutans, preventing secondary infections. Furthermore, dental caries in a rodent model are reduced with exposure to nanophotosensitizer. p(GF/GEF)-I is a significantly higher efficacy without damaging the surrounding soft tissue. With further development and optimization, p(GF/GEF)-I shows significant potential as a phototherapeutic agent for the treatment of biofilm-induced diseases.     

一种新的无可信中心的门限签名体制

文章基于双线性对提出了一种新的无可信中心的门限签名体制。在多数环境中一个可信中心并不存在,所以没有可信中心的门限签名体制更受青睐,并且该协议几乎满足一个良好的门限签名体制的所有要求。该协议简单可行,在电子商务和电子投票中比其他协议更实用。     

A flow-based network monitoring framework for wireless mesh networks

As an extension of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, wireless mesh networks recently were developed as a key solution to provide high-quality multimedia services and applications, such as voice, data, and video, over wireless personal area networks, wireless local area networks, and wireless metropolitan area networks. A WMN has a hybrid network infrastructure with a backbone and an access network and usually is operated in both ad hoc and infrastructure modes with self-configuration and self-organization capabilities. In this article, we review security challenges, attacks, and countermeasures in the physical, medium access control (MAC), and network layers of wireless mesh backbone and access networks. We then extend the concept of traffic flow from IP networks and define meshflow in wireless mesh networks. Based on this new concept, we propose a comprehensive framework to realize network monitoring, user and router profiling, application and service balancing, and security protection in wireless mesh backbone networks. Practical issues and design trade-offs for implementing the proposed framework in real systems also are discussed.     

An Assessment of Testing-Effort Dependent Software Reliability Growth Models

Over the last several decades, many Software Reliability Growth Models (SRGM) have been developed to greatly facilitate engineers and managers in tracking and measuring the growth of reliability as software is being improved. However, some research work indicates that the delayed S-shaped model may not fit the software failure data well when the testing-effort spent on fault detection is not a constant. Thus, in this paper, we first review the logistic testing-effort function that can be used to describe the amount of testing-effort spent on software testing. We describe how to incorporate the logistic testing-effort function into both exponential-type, and S-shaped software reliability models. The proposed models are also discussed under both ideal, and imperfect debugging conditions. Results from applying the proposed models to two real data sets are discussed, and compared with other traditional SRGM to show that the proposed models can give better predictions, and that the logistic testing-effort function is suitable for incorporating directly into both exponential-type, and S-shaped software reliability models     

Assessment of blood coagulation under various flow conditions with ultrasound backscattering

Several in vitro studies have employed ultrasonic techniques to detect varying properties of coagulating blood under static or stirred conditions. Most of those studies mainly addressed on the development and feasibility of modalities and however were not fully considering the effect of blood flow. To better elucidate this issue, ultrasonic backscattering were measured from the coagulating porcine blood circulated in a mock flow loop with various steady laminar flows at mean shear rates from 10 to 100 s(-1). A 3 ml of 0.5 M CaCl2 solution for inducing blood coagulation was added to that of 30 ml blood circulated in the conduit. For each measurement carried out with a 10-MHz transducer, backscattered signals digitized at 100-MHz sampling frequency were acquired for a total of 20 min at temporal resolution of 50 A-lines per s. The integrated backscatter (IB) was calculated for assessing backscattering properties of coagulating blood. The results show that blood coagulation tended to be increased corresponding to the addition of CaCl2 solution: the IB was increased approximately 6.1 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- standard deviation), 5.4 +/- 0.9, and 4.5 +/- 1.2 dB at 310 +/- 62, 420 +/- 88, and 610 +/- 102 s associated with mean shear rates of 10, 40, and 100 s(-1), respectively. The rate of increasing IB for evaluating the growth of clot was estimated to be 0.075 +/- 0.017, 0.052 +/- 0.027, and 0.038 +/- 0.012 delta dB delta s(-1) corresponding to the increase of mean shear rates. These results consistently demonstrate that higher shear rate tends to prolong the duration for the flowing blood to be coagulated and to decrease the rate of IB. Moreover, the laminar flow was changed to turbulent flow during that the blood was clotting discerned by spatial variations of ultrasound backscattering in the conduit. All these results validate that ultrasound backscattering is feasible to be utilized for detecting and assessing blood coagulation under dynamic conditions.     

采用VCSEL激光光源的TDLAS甲烷检测系统的研制

相比于使用DFB边发射激光器,采用VCSEL激光器作为检测光源的TDLAS激光气体检测系统,具有功耗低的优点。针对低功率下的TDLAS气体检测信号特点,结合VCSEL激光光源调制特性,自主开发了VCSEL激光器驱动模块、信号采集及处理模块,采用波长调制光谱(WMS)技术研制出了一套低功率甲烷(CH4)气体检测系统。选择了1653.7 nm附近CH4分子的吸收峰作为吸收谱线,采用锁相放大器提取二次谐波(2f)信号。实验研究了不同浓度的CH4检测的响应情况,记录2f信号的峰峰值并进行线性拟合,线性度为0.999 8。该检测系统在50~500 ppmv范围内,检测精度优于10%,检测下限为10 ppmv。对250 ppmv的CH4持续检测10 h,数值波动小于±2.4%。引入Allan偏差分析,初始积分时间为1 s时,Allan偏差为9.9 ppmv;积分时间达到359 s时,Allan偏差为0.06 ppmv,表征了系统良好的稳定度。     

数字供应链的创建和英特尔在中国的实践

RFID特别是在供应链中的应用是英特尔最为关注的技术之一。本文阐述了数字供应链与传统供应链的不同之处,其必备条件,以及如何在RFID的平台上构筑这个供应链,如何在技术创新中开拓市场。本文还阐述了英特尔将立足珠三角,面向全中国,促进这种数字供应链的实现。