离子束技术应用于腐蚀科学

离子束技术(包括离子注入、离子束混合、离子束分析等)在腐蚀科学领域中的应用是近十年来一个引人注目的新发展。 据工业发达国家估计,每年因材料、设备腐蚀造成的直接损失约为当年国民经济总产值的2—4％,例如美国1982年全国因腐蚀而造成的经济损失就高达1260亿美元,我国在1980年估算的腐蚀损失约200亿人民币。随着我国四化建设的迅速发展,金属腐蚀与防护的研究已成为当前一个急待进行的重要课题。     

具有性能感知排序的深度监督哈希用于多标签图像检索

现实生活中的图像大多具有多种标签属性。对于多标签图像,理想情况下检索到的图像应该按照与查询图像相似程度降序排列,即与查询图像共享的标签数量依次递减。然而,大多数哈希算法主要针对单标签图像检索而设计的,而且现有用于多标签图像检索的深度监督哈希算法忽略了哈希码的排序性能且没有充分地利用标签类别信息。针对此问题,提出了一种具有性能感知排序的深度监督哈希方法（deep supervised hashing with performance-aware ranking,PRDH）,它能够有效地感知和优化模型的性能,改善多标签图像检索的效果。在哈希学习部分,设计了一种排序优化损失函数,以改善哈希码的排序性能;同时,还加入了一种空间划分损失函数,将具有不同数量的共享标签的图像划分到相应的汉明空间中;为了充分地利用标签信息,还鲜明地提出将预测标签用于检索阶段的汉明距离计算,并设计了一种用于多标签分类的损失函数,以实现对汉明距离排序的监督与优化。在三个多标签基准数据集上进行的大量检索实验结果表明,PRDH的各项评估指标均优于现有先进的深度哈希方法。     

基于ENR数据分析的中国大型设计院发展趋势

中国勘察设计行业正面临着全球化、中国经济结构转型和国家实施“走出去”的开放战略等诸多机遇与挑战,所以对未来发展有一个相对准确的分析和预测有着很重要的意义.本文通过对近七年来ENR 发布数据的分析,找到了世界大型设计公司与国际化之间存在的一些联系,然后通过对不同国家和地区设计公司之间的比较,结合各自的国情和经济发展水平,给出了未来中国大型设计院可能的发展趋势预测,即中国大型设计院依靠巨大的国内市场,在体量上会很快跻身世界大型设计院的“第一梯队”,但与西方竞争对手相比,在国际市场仍然存在相当大的差距,如果不能尽快建立完善的全球网络和平台,中国大型设计院有可能止步于海外中高端市场.     

基于抽样方法的燃耗计算核素积存量不确定度分析

基于抽样基本原理研究了应用于燃耗计算的不确定度分析方法,并开发了燃耗计算不确定度分析程序。基于评价核数据库ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0的裂变产额标准差和衰变常量标准差计算得到了衰变常量协方差矩阵和带相关性的裂变产额协方差矩阵,并结合SCALE6.2程序包的56群反应截面协方差数据库,对Takahama-3压水堆组件基准题中SF95-4样品进行不确定度分析。计算了反应截面、衰变常量和裂变产额不确定度引起的核素积存量的不确定度。计算结果表明,反应截面的不确定度是锕系核素积存量不确定度的主要来源,裂变产额和衰变常量的不确定度对部分裂变产物的积存量会引入较大的不确定度。但考虑裂变产额相关性后,裂变产额引起的不确定度显著降低。     

Microstructure and mechanical property of laser melting deposition (LMD) Ti/TiAl structural gradient material

This article presents fabrication, microstructure and mechanical properties study of Ti/TiAl functional gradient material. Ti–47Al–2.5V–Cr/Ti–6Al–2Zr–Mo–V gradient material was successfully fabricated by the laser melting deposition (LMD) manufacturing process. Microstructure and chemical composition was characterized by OM, SEM, TEM and EPMA. The Vickers hardness and room-temperature tensile property was evaluated on longitudinal direction. Results showed that fully lamellar (FL) microstructure consisted of γ-TiAl and α₂-Ti₃Al was formed on the Ti–47Al–2.5V–Cr side, while coarse basket weave microstructure was formed on the Ti–6Al–2Zr–1Mo–1V side. No cracking was found in the gradient zone after aging at 800 °C for 48 h. The room-temperature tensile strength of the as-deposited specimen is up to approximately 1198.8 MPa in the longitudinal direction, while the tensile elongation is approximately 0.4%, indicating a typical brittle fracture.     

Extension of the applicable range of the implicit curve-fitting method for refrigerant thermodynamic properties to critical pressure

The method of implicit curve-fitting and explicit-calculation has been used for fast and stable calculations of thermodynamic properties of subcritical refrigerants. In order to extend that method to the critical pressure, a method of sectional implicit curve-fitting and explicit-calculation for refrigerant thermodynamic properties is introduced in this paper. The whole data range is divided into several subsections. The requirements on the continuity of thermodynamic properties and the first order derivative of thermodynamic properties in the intersection points of subsections are indicated, and the methods to meet the requirements are presented. Quadric equations are constructed instead of curve-fitting when no data can be given. With the source data obtained from REFPROP 7.1, explicit fast calculation formulae for thermodynamic properties of R410A, covering the saturated temperature of 213.15–344.51 K and superheat of 0–65 K, are given as an example. The calculation speeds of the formulae of R410A are more than 7000 times faster than those of REFPROP 7.1 while the total mean relative deviation of the fast calculation formulae from REFPROP 7.1 is only 0.04%.     

BP/THF引发体系引发降冰片烯与马来酸酐可见光自由基共聚合

研究了BP/THF引发体系引发降冰片烯(NB)与马来酸酐(MA)自由基光聚合性能.考察了单体和引发剂浓度、第三单体的加入和氛围对共聚合收率的影响.采用红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振谱(NMR)、元素分析和高效凝胶液相色谱(GPC)对聚合物进行了表征与分析.在单体比为1:1时,共聚物中NB和MA的含量分别为54.2%和47.8%.     

Effect of particle size distribution on green properties during high velocity compaction

Iron powders with two different particle size distributions were compacted by high velocity compaction. The influences of particle size distribution and impact velocity on green properties, including green density, springback, tensile strength and bending strength etc., were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a computer controlled universal testing machine. The results show that the particle size distribution and the impact velocity strongly affect its properties. Wider size distribution results in green compact with higher density and better strength. Furthermore, springback of compacts is lower produced by the powder with wider size distribution, especially for radial springback. As impact velocity increases, its green density and green strength gradually increases, but the increasing rate of density decreases gradually. No special relation is found between springback and impact velocity. In addition, the axial springback and the bending strength are higher than the radial springback and the tensile strength, respectively.     

Comparison of the effects of Mg–6Zn and titanium on intestinal tract in vivo

To evaluate the ability of Mg–6Zn to replace titanium nails in the reconstruction of the intestinal tract in general surgery, we compared the Mg–6Zn and titanium implants with respect to their effects on rat’s intestinal tract by biochemical, radiological, pathological and immunohistochemical methods. The results indicated that Mg–6Zn implants started to degrade at the third week and disintegrate at the fourth week. No bubbles appeared, which may be associated with intestinal absorption of the Mg–6Zn implants. Pathological analyses (containing liver, kidney and cecum tissues) and biochemical measurements, including serum magnesium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glutamic–pyruvic–transaminase and glutamic–oxaloacetic–transaminase proved that degradation of Mg–6Zn did not harm the important organs, which is an improvement over titanium implants. Immunohistochemical results showed that Mg–6Zn could enhance the expression of transforming growth factor-β₁. Mg–6Zn reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor at different stages. In general, our study demonstrates that the Mg–6Zn alloy had good biocompatibility in vivo and performed better than titanium at promoting healing and reducing inflammation. It may be a promising candidate for stapler pins in intestinal reconstruction.     

Collaborative Design of Hollow Nanocubes,In Situ Cross‐Linked Binder,and Amorphous Void@SiOx@C as a Three‐Pronged Strategy for Ultrastable Lithium Storage

Although silicon‐based materials are ideal candidate anodes for high energy density lithium‐ion batteries, the large volumetric expansion seriously damages the integrity of the electrodes and impedes commercial processes. Reasonable electrode design based on adjustable structures of silicon and strong binders prepared by a facile method is still a great challenge. Herein, a three‐pronged collaborative strategy via hollow nanocubes, amorphous Void@SiO_x@C, and in situ cross‐linked polyacrylic acid and d ‐sorbitol 3D network binder (c‐PAA‐DS) is adopted to maintain structural/electrode integrality and stability. The all‐integrated c‐PAA‐DS/Void@SiO_x@C electrode delivers excellent mechanical property, which is attributed to ductility of the c‐PAA‐DS binder and high adhesion energy between Void@SiO_x@C and c‐PAA‐DS calculated by density functional theory. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of accommodation of the hollow structure, protection of outer carbon shell, amorphous Void@SiO_x@C, and strong adhesive c‐PAA‐DS binder, c‐PAA‐DS/Void@SiO_x@C shows excellent electrochemical performance. Long cycling stability with a reversible capacity of 696 mAh g^?1 is obtained, as well as tiny capacity decay after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g^?1 and high‐rate performance. The prelithiated Void@SiO_x@C||LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) full cell is also assembled and shows a reversible capacity of 157 mAh g^?1 at 0.5 C, delivering an excellent capacity retention of 94% after 160 cycles.