Video sequence feature extraction and segmentation using likelihood regression model

The development of digital technology is utilized by people to capture and share video frames. At present, rather than capturing images, people are interested in recording video footage for exploring information. Here, retrieval of video from large databases is challenging due to the continuous frame count. To overcome these challenges associated with the retrieval of video from available databases, this research proposed a likelihood-based regression approach for video processing. To improve the retrieval accuracy of video sequences, the proposed method utilizes a likelihood estimation technique integrated with a regression model. The likelihood estimate measures the pixel level roughly for estimating the pixel range, after which the regression approach measures the pixel level for transforming certainly blurred and unwanted pixels. In the proposed likelihood regression approach, the video is converted into a video frame and stored in a database. Query frames are taken into account by the generated database depending on the features which are used for a given video to be retrieved. The significant video retrieval performance obtained from the simulation results for the proposed likelihood-based regression model shows that the proposed model performs well over the other state-of-the-art techniques.

     

Liver disorder detection using variable- neighbor weighted fuzzy K nearest neighbor approach

The human liver disorder is a genetic problem due to the habituality of alcohol or effect by the virus. It can lead to liver failure or liver cancer, if not been detected in initial stage. The aim of the proposed method is to detect the liver disorder in initial stage using liver function test dataset. The problem with many real-world datasets including liver disease diagnosis data is class imbalanced. The word imbalance refers to the conditions that the number of observations belongs to one class having more or less than the other class(es). Traditional K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN) or Fuzzy KNN classifier does not work well on the imbalanced dataset because they treat the neighbor equally. The weighted variant of Fuzzy KNN assign a large weight for the neighbor belongs to the minority class data and relatively small weight for the neighbor belongs to the majority class to resolve the issues with data imbalance. In this paper, Variable- Neighbor Weighted Fuzzy K Nearest Neighbor Approach (Variable-NWFKNN) is proposed, which is an improved variant of Fuzzy-NWKNN. The proposed Variable-NWFKNN method is implemented on three real-world imbalance liver function test datasets BUPA, ILPD from UCI and MPRLPD. The Variable-NWFKNN is compared with existing NWKNN and Fuzzy-NWKKNN methods and found accuracy 73.91% (BUPA Dataset), 77.59% (ILPD Dataset) and 87.01% (MPRLPD Dataset). Further, TL_RUS method is used for preprocessing and it improved the accuracy as 78.46% (BUPA Dataset), 78.46% (ILPD Dataset) and 95.79% (MPRLPD Dataset).

     

Low intensity visual data improvement using DWT and LWT based regularizer

Image Completion plays a vital role in compressed sensing, machine learning, and computer vision applications. The Rank Minimization algorithms are used to perform the image completion. The major problem with rank minimization algorithms is the loss of information in the recovered image at high corruption ratios. To overcome this problem Lifting wavelet transform based Rank Minimization (LwRM), and Discrete wavelet transform based Rank Minimization (DwRM) methods are proposed, which can recover the image, if the corrupted observations are more than 80%. The evaluation of the proposed methods are accomplished by Full Reference Image Quality Assessment (FRIQA) and No Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) metrics. The simulation results of proposed methods are superior to state-of-the-art methods.

     

Entropy based spatial domain image watermarking and its performance analysis

Digital image watermarking technique based on LSB Substitution and Hill Cipher is presented and examined in this paper. For better imperceptibility watermark is inserted in the spatial domain. Further the watermark is implanted in the Cover Image block having the highest entropy value. To improve the security of the watermark hill cipher encryption is used. Both subjective and objective image quality assessment technique has been used to evaluate the imperceptibility of the proposed scheme.Further, the perceptual perfection of the watermarked pictures accomplished in the proposed framework has been contrasted and some state-of-art watermarking strategies. Test results demonstrates that the displayed method is robust against different image processing attacks like Salt and Peppers, Gaussian filter attack, Median filter attacks, etc.

     

Quote examiner: verifying quoted images using web-based text similarity

Over the last few years, there has been a rapid growth in digital data. Images with quotes are spreading virally through online social media platforms. Misquotes found online often spread like a forest fire through social media, which highlights the lack of responsibility of the web users when circulating poorly cited quotes. Thus, it is important to authenticate the content contained in the images being circulated online. So, there is a need to retrieve the information within such textual images to verify quotes before its usage in order to differentiate a fake or misquote from an authentic one. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is used in this paper, for converting textual images into readable text format, but none of the OCR tools are perfect in extracting information from the images accurately. In this paper, a method of post-processing on the retrieved text to improve the accuracy of the detected text from images has been proposed. Google Cloud Vision has been used for recognizing text from images. It has also been observed that using post-processing on the extracted text improved the accuracy of text recognition by 3.5% approximately. A web-based text similarity approach (URLs and domain name) has been used to examine the authenticity of the content of the quoted images. Approximately, 96.26% accuracy has been achieved in classifying quoted images as verified or misquoted. Also, a ground truth dataset of authentic site names has been created. In this research, images with quotes by famous celebrities and global leaders have been used. A comparative analysis has been performed to show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.

     

Model reduction based on limited‐time interval impulse response Gramians

In this paper, three new Gramians are introduced namely ‐ limited‐time interval impulse response Gramians (LTIRG), generalized limited‐time Gramians (GLTG) and generalized limited‐time impulse response Gramians (GLTIRG). GLTG and GLTIRG are applicable to both unstable systems and also to systems which have eigenvalues of opposite polarities and equal magnitude. The concept of these Gramians is utilized to develop model reduction algorithms for linear time‐invariant continuous‐time single‐input single‐output (SISO) systems. In the cases of GLTIRG and GLTG based model reduction, the standard time‐limited Gramians are generalized to be applied to unstable systems by transforming the original system into a new system which requires the solution of two Riccati equations. Two numerical examples are included to illustrate the proposed methods. The results are also compared with standard techniques.     

A smart application to detect pupil for small dataset with low illumination

Biometric applications are very sensitive to the process because of its complexity in presenting unstructured input to the processing. The existing applications of image processing are based on the implementation of different programing segments such as image acquisition, segmentation, extraction, and final output. The proposed model is designed with 2 convolution layers and 3 dense layers. We examined the module with 5 datasets including 3 benchmark datasets, namely CASIA, UBIRIS, MMU, random dataset, and the live video. We calculated the FPR, FNR, Precision, Recall, and accuracy of each dataset. The calculated accuracy of CASIA using the proposed system is 82.8%, for UBIRIS is 86%, MMU is 84%, and the random dataset is 84%. On live video with low resolution, calculated accuracy is 72.4%. The proposed system achieved better accuracy compared to existing state-of-the-art systems.

     

高速公路施工区车辆强制换道耗时生存模型

为研究高速公路施工区车辆强制换道行为及其影响因素,采用生存分析中的半参数分析方法建立强制换道耗时的乘法风险率模型.通过无人机拍摄采集高速公路施工区的车辆换道耗时及其影响因素数据,最终确立换道耗时Cox比例风险模型,对换道耗时数据进行Cox回归建模分析.结果表明:近77%的换道车辆在10 s内完成换道;小型车和中型车经养护施工区的换道耗时未发现显著性差别;对于相同的换道耗时,平峰期的累积生存率明显低于高峰期和过渡时期,而高峰期的累积生存率最高.建立的强制换道耗时生存模型可有效的定量分析车型和交通时段对高速公路施工区车辆换道行为的影响,可为高速公路施工区交通管理控制及车辆换道行为建模及仿真奠定一定的理论基础.     

Characteristics of forming presses and recent developments for precision and net shape forming

The trend in metal forming is to produce parts with increased precision and geometric complexity. Thus, research and development is being conducted worldwide to develop presses and tooling for near-net and net shape forming of difficult-to-form components. As a result, presses with increased precision and multi-action tooling are being used routinely by advanced companies around the world. This paper will discuss the interactions between press characteristics and part production in precision forming and review some of the new press and tooling designs recently developed by various domestic and foreign manufacturers.     

Ordered intermetallic alloys,part I: Nickel and iron aluminides

This article summarizes recent progress in research and development on nickel and iron aluminide intermetallic alloys. Ordered intermetallics possess attractive properties for structural applications at elevated temperatures in hostile environments; however, brittle failure and poor fracture resistance limit their use as engineering materials. In recent years, efforts to understand this brittle fracture behavior have identified both intrinsic and extrinsic factors governing brittle fracture. Parallel work on alloy design using physical metallurgy principles has led to the development of aluminide alloys with improved mechanical and metallurgical properties for structural use.