Comparison of fatty acid profile changes between unroasted and roasted brown sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seeds oil

The conditions of roasting are the key step in manufacturing Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil. Roasting sesame seeds changed its oil, moisture, and ash content. In oils from unroasted and roasted seeds, nine fatty acids analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fatty acids composition were changed in both oils. Oleic and linoleic changed in large amount, but changes for other fatty acids were small. ¹H and ¹³C NMR analysis showed the frequency changes for both oils, the roasting condition caused to shift the frequency to lower degree.     

An investigation of different gas injection scenarios as enhanced condensate recovery method in a naturally fractured gas-condensate reservoir

In gas condensate reservoirs, when the bottom hole pressure falls below the dew point pressure condensates are formed. This causes hydrocarbon liquid saturation around the well bore region. This phenomenon is called condensate blockage or condensate banking. Condensate recovery reduction due to condensate banking near the well bore region is an important problem in gas condensate reservoirs. The common method to prevent the condensate banking is gas cycling (reinjection of produced dry gas) into the reservoir that can contribute to the condensate vaporization, thus increasing the condensate recovery factor. The objective of this study was to find a suitable replacement for gas cycling. For this purpose, an investigation on the effects of injection of different types of gases (CO₂, N₂, and C₁) on enhance condensate recovery factor and pressure maintenance were performed. This research was done on one of the Iranian gas condensate reservoirs through a compositional simulator. The two-parameter Peng-Robinson equation of state (EOS) and Lohrenz-Bray-Clark correlation were used to model reservoir fluid properties through regression on the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) experimental data. A fracture network was distributed over the reservoir, so a dual porosity/dual permeability model was selected for better evaluation of the fracture system. Then, various scenarios of natural depletion and CO₂, N₂, C₁, and gas cycling injection were studied. The results showed that CO₂ injection scenario being associated with the highest efficiency compared to that of other gases.     

Nucleotide sequence of DR-B exon of major histocompatibility complex from an Indian zebu cattle breed

Somatosensory evoked potential, locomotion and vocalisation upon tail pinch in rats was studied in order to determine whether intrathecal magnesium sulphate administration causes spinal anaesthesia. In Wistar rats with indwelling intrathecal catheters, cortical somatosensory evoked potential was recorded following stimulation via electrodes inserted into the hind paw under chloral hydrate anaesthesia before and after intrathecal administration of 10 microliters of either magnesium sulphate (12.3% or 24.6%) or lignocaine (4% or 8%). Locomotion and vocalisation after tail pinch were tested following intrathecal administration of the same two drugs in conscious rats. Somatosensory evoked potential amplitude was diminished after administration of lignocaine (p < 0.05) but did not change after magnesium sulphate. Latency of P1 was increased by lignocaine and by magnesium sulphate 12.3% (p < 0.05). Although lower extremity paralysis was observed in both groups, its duration with magnesium sulphate was much longer than with lignocaine. Vocalisation was recognised after magnesium sulphate 12.3%, but was not observed after lignocaine 8% during paralysis (p < 0.05). We believe that magnesium sulphate caused motor paralysis, but not complete analgesia.     

Flat magnitude response FIR halfband low/high pass digital filters with narrow transition bands

MAXFLAT FIR low/high pass digital filters are traditionally designed to satisfy the constraints of maximal flatness at the ends of the frequency band. In this paper, we show that by moving the points of flatness to the inner band, halfband filters with narrow transition bands can be realized. This, however, affects the smoothness of their magnitude responses at the ends of the frequency band. We propose a new design of halfband filters having their points of flatness at the middle of the pass and stop bands. The resulting filters have significantly narrow transition bands as compared to the existing MAXFLAT designs, and yet their magnitude responses are quite smooth in the entire frequency band.     

Simplified Y6-Based Nonfullerene Acceptors: In-Depth Study on Molecular Structure–Property Relation,Molecular Dynamics Simulation,and Charge Dynamics

Two new Y6 derivatives of symmetrical YBO-2O and asymmetrical YBO-FO nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) are prepared with a simplified synthetic procedure by incorporating octyl and fluorine substituents onto the terminal 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile (INCN) moiety. By moving the alkyl substituents on the Y6 core to the terminal INCN moiety, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the YBO NFAs increases without decreasing solubility, resulting in high open-circuit voltages of the devices. Molecular dynamics simulation shows that YBO-2O/-FO preferentially form core–core and terminal–terminal dimeric interactions, demonstrating their tighter packing structure and higher electron mobility than Y6, which is consistent with 2D grazing incidence X-ray scattering and space charge limited current measurements. In blend films, the hole transfer (HT) from YBO-2O/-FO to the polymer donor PM6 is studied in detail by transient absorption spectroscopy, demonstrating efficient HT from YBO-FO to PM6 with their suitable energy level alignment. Despite the simplified synthesis, YBO-FO demonstrates photovoltaic performance similar to that of Y6, exhibiting a power conversion efficiency of 15.01%. Overall, this design strategy not only simplifies the synthetic procedures but also adjusts the electrical properties by modifying the intermolecular packing and energy level alignment, suggesting a novel simplified molecular design of Y6 derivatives.     

Peer sampling gossip-based distributed clustering algorithm for unstructured P2P networks

Clustering, as an unsupervised learning method and an important process in data mining, is an aspect of large and distributed data analysis. In many applications, such as peer-to-peer systems, huge volumes of data are distributed between multiple sources. Analysis of these volumes of data and identifying appropriate clusters is challenging due to transmission, processing and storage costs. In this paper, a gossip-based distributed clustering algorithm for P2P networks called Efficient GBDC-P2P is proposed, based on an improved gossip communicative approach by combining the peer sampeling and CYCLON protocol and the idea of partitioning-based data clustering. This algorithm is appropriate for data clustering in unstructured P2P networks, and it is adapted to the dynamic conditions of these networks. In the Efficient GBDC-P2P algorithm, distributed peers perform clustering operation in a distributed way only through local communications with their neighbors. Our approach does not rely on the central server to carry out data clustering task and without the need to synchronize operations. Evaluation results verify the efficiency of our proposed algorithm for data clustering in unstructured P2P networks. Furthermore, comparative analyses with other well-established distributed clustering approaches demonstrate the superior accuracy of the proposed method.

     

Wide stopband harmonic suppressed low‐pass filter with novel DGS

In this article, a wide stopband 20 dB harmonically suppressed low‐pass filter (LPF) using novel defected ground structures (DGSs) is proposed. The DGSs has been analyzed as a low pass filter which shows a significant harmonics suppression in the stopband. The lumped parameter equivalent of the DGSs has been developed to show its effectiveness. The modified equivalent circuit model of the filter helps in placing the transmission zero near ?3 dB cutoff frequency. The LPF is designed on a 0.10 λ_g× 0.09 λ_g substrate size where λ_g is guided wavelength at ?3 dB cut‐off frequency (f_c) equal to1 GHz. The simulation shows a 20 dB harmonic suppression up to 50 f_c. The prototype of the LPF has been developed and with the available vector network analyser, the S‐parameters have been measured upto 20 GHz (20 f_c).The state of the art comparison of the LPF shows a high figure of merit equal to 26 250 which is higher than many recently published works.     

Detection of stator winding faults in induction motors using three-phase current monitoring

The objective of this paper is to propose a new method for the detection of inter-turn short circuits in the stator windings of induction motors. In the previous reported methods, the supply voltage unbalance was the major difficulty, and this was solved mostly based on the sequence component impedance or current which are difficult to implement. Some other methods essentially are included in the offline methods. The proposed method is based on the motor current signature analysis and utilizes three phase current spectra to overcome the mentioned problem. Simulation results indicate that under healthy conditions, the rotor slot harmonics have the same magnitude in three phase currents, while under even 1 turn (0.3%) short circuit condition they differ from each other. Although the magnitude of these harmonics depends on the level of unbalanced voltage, they have the same magnitude in three phases in these conditions. Experiments performed under various load, fault, and supply voltage conditions validate the simulation results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. It is shown that the detection of resistive slight short circuits, without sensitivity to supply voltage unbalance is possible.     

Current technologies in the extraction,enrichment and analytical detection of tocopherols and tocotrienols: A review

During the past few years the scientific and medical community has been confronted with a continual interest in vitamin E with the interest prompted by new discoveries. Tocopherols and tocotrienols, commonly known as vitamin E, are extremely invaluable compounds and have various nutritional functionalities and benefits to human health. Great deals of research projects have been launched in order to develop effective methods for the extraction of vitamin E. By and large, three distinct extractive methods are usually employed: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), molecular distillation, and adsorption methods. These methods are sensitive to different experimental conditions, such as pressure, temperature, and flow rate with noticeable effects on the efficiency of the extraction and enrichment of vitamin E. This review has covered the most commonly adapted extraction methods and has probed into the extraction yields under variable operational parameters.