The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations.

In this article, we attempt to distinguish between the properties of moderator and mediator variables at a number of levels. First, we seek to make theorists and researchers aware of the importance of not using the terms moderator and mediator interchangeably by carefully elaborating, both conceptually and strategically, the many ways in which moderators and mediators differ. We then go beyond this largely pedagogical function and delineate the conceptual and strategic implications of making use of such distinctions with regard to a wide range of phenomena, including control and stress, attitudes, and personality traits. We also provide a specific compendium of analytic procedures appropriate for making the most effective use of the moderator and mediator distinction, both separately and in terms of a broader causal system that includes both moderators and mediators. (46 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Controlled atmosphere electron microscopy studies of graphite gasification—4. Catalysis of the graphite-O2 reaction by silver

Silver is a powerful catalyst for the graphite-oxygen reaction at temperatures below 1150 K but can inhibit the reaction above this temperature. A study by CAEM reveals a complex situation. The behaviour of the catalyst depends on the initial heating rate. At slow heating rales atoms are extracted from perfect regions of the basal plane surface to produce pits, and channels which do not start at edges. At high heating rates only channels are formed which start at edges. There is evidence of anisotropy of reaction rates within the basal plane but application of known criteria for determining its form give conflicting results.     

Renal vein thrombosis as the major cause of renal failure in familial Mediterranean fever

Eighteen out of 57 patients (31-6 per cent) suffering from Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) were found to have the nephrotic syndrome, histologically proven amyloidosis and progressive renal failure. In 14 cases renal function deteriorated rapidly after the first appearance of significant proteinuria, and 12 cases (66-7 per cent) required regular haemodialysis. Seven of these patients, seen in the early stages of renal impairment, were subsequently diagnosed clinically as probably having developed renal vein thrombosis. There was radiological proof of intrarenal or major renal vein occlusion in five which in one patient progressed to inferior vena cave obstruction. Treatment with heparin, plasminogen activators and fibrinogenolytic agents was disappointing although renal function has stabilized in one patient on long term oral anticoagulant therapy. It is suggested that renal vein thrombosis is common in FMF with renal amyloidosis and usually causes rapid deterioration of function and irreversible renal failure requiring dialysis. Renal phlebography may delineate clot in the main renal veins or indicate areas of reduced blood flow due to thromboses in intrarenal venules. Treatment is only partially satisfactory but there is some evidence to suggest that renal phlebography should be undertaken promptly when renal function begins to fall followed by anticoagulant therapy to prevent further thromboembolic complications.     

Variation in the natural enrichment of 15N in apple trees and soils

Leaf, wood and soil materials taken from an established apple orchard contained ¹⁵N in excess of atmospheric levels. Enrichments were highest (0.380 atom%) in surface soil and lowest in leaves (0.376 atom%). Enrichments varied over the course of a single season, being generally higher in late summer (August) and autumn (November) than in June and July. The patterns of variation in enrichment suggested that assessments of tree to tree variation for leaves should be made; but time variation for surface soil would be more important.     

Coupled electrostatic and mechanical FEA of a micromotor

The electrostatic forces occurring in a novel double stator axial-drive variable capacitance micromotor (VCM) are studied as a function of rotor-stator overlap, applied voltage, rotor support morphology, and rotor thickness. Analytical equations are developed using parallel plate assumptions, and results are compared with those obtained with 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for tangential, axial, and radial electrostatic forces. The influence of the axial forces on the rotor deflections are studied using iterative indirect coupled field analysis, where the axial forces obtained from the electrostatic 3D FE model are iteratively applied to a structural FE model until stable rotor deflections are obtained. It was found that the axial forces, taking the rotor deflection into account, are twice as high as those obtained by analytical evaluation neglecting rotor deflections and about 70 times higher than the radial forces at a typical operating voltage of 100 V. Inclusion of bushing supports results in lower axial forces and decreases the influence of rotor tilt. Tangential forces likely to be exerted on the rotor at start-up are also examined and compared with analytical predictions. The study demonstrates that FEA provides more accurate results than analytical equations due to the geometry and field simplifications assumed in the latter     

Prediction of psychiatric hospitalization: II. The Hospitalization Proneness Scale: A cross-validation.

Examined the relationship between the Hospitalization Proneness Scale (HPS) and incidence of hospitalization in 2 successive clinic samples of 446 and 149 schizophrenic outpatients. Ss had been randomly assigned to either placebo, chlorpromazine, or promazine and treated under double-blind conditions. The HPS predicted hospitalization for placebo- and chlorpromazine-treated groups in both clinic samples (p     

Use of bromide and thiocyanate ion-sensitive electrodes in the presence of quaternary ammonium ions

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry -     

A study of the representation of anxiety in chronic schizophrenia.

This research is part of a series of interrelated studies, conducted with both normal Ss and clinical populations, which uses certain kinetic and linguistic aspects of communication behavior as indices for the status of thought organization. The present study, employing videotapes of clinical interviews, examined the dialogue communication behavior of 16 chronic, male schizophrenics. The methods of analyzing kinetic and linguistic behavior from videotaped interviews were based on work by N. Freedman et al (1973) and I. Steingart and N. Freedman (1975); Gottschalk's Content Analysis Scales were used in the assessment of anxiety expression. Results demonstrate a relation between these same indices of communication behavior and types of anxiety expression. (30 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

New York State: A case study in organizing psychology.

An analysis of efforts to organize the directors of psychology at the medical schools in New York State provides an interesting case study of the evolution of psychology's standing in medical school settings. Factors that facilitated this process, and organizational and professional dynamics that impeded it, are discussed. Timidity and lethargy are viewed as major factors that must be overcome in the ongoing efforts to build on what has been accomplished. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Magnetically Controlled Arcs for Power Collection

The magnetically controlled arc was investigated as a contactless method of power collection at high speeds (300-500 km/h) where the conventional method of sliding contact runs into serious difficulties, particularly with overhead systems. This investigation shows that an approximate control of arc movement in terms of speed, direction, and effective trapping, can be achieved magnetically. However, precise magnetic control of the arc speed is extremely difficult, even in uniform and carefully regulated magnetic fields, and additional means of arc control would be necessary for reliable power collection by arc.