Encounter groups: Comparisons and ethical considerations.

Examines the evolution and nature of encounter groups, and whether or not there are any differences in the relative effectiveness of various encounter groups. Numerous ethical considerations are discussed, and some ethical guidelines for group leaders are suggested. (62 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Mnemotechnics: Some limitations of the mnemonic keyword method for the study of foreign language vocabulary.

Examined the effectiveness of the mnemonic keyword method in 4 experiments with 248 college students learning lists of 24–32 pairs of Spanish nouns and their English equivalents. The 1st 3 experiments, in which the lists were presented for periods of free study, yielded the following results: (a) The keyword condition, with keywords supplied by the experimenter, was similar or somewhat inferior to the control conditions in both Spanish–English (forward) and English–Spanish (backward) directions; (b) the keyword condition was clearly inferior to controls when Ss were required to generate keywords; (c) keyword and control conditions were similar in retention over 1 wk. In Exp IV the keyword method was superior to the control condition with successive, experimenter-paced presentation but inferior with free-study presentation; free study was markedly superior to paced presentation for both keyword and control conditions. (10 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sex differences and variations in body attitudes.

Tested several hypotheses about the relationship between body attitude and sex membership with 89 male and 80 female undergraduates. 3 separate body attitudes corresponding to Osgood's 3 attitudinal dimensions were measured by the semantic differential on 30 different body concepts. Results indicate that women not only like their bodies better than men but also have a more clearly differentiated notion of what they like and dislike about their bodies. Men on the other hand judge their bodies as more potent and more active than women. (25 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The relationship between overinclusive thinking, perceptual rigidity, and the discrimination learning of new concepts.

Compared 19 newly admitted psychiatric inpatients who showed overinclusive thinking on the Payne Object Classification Test with 24 patients matched for age, IQ, and abstraction ability who were not overinclusive. In a concept-attainment experiment, contrary to prediction, overinclusive Ss did not learn overinclusive concepts. There were no significant differences between the groups. However, overinclusive Ss, as predicted, showed an abnormal lack of "Einstellung" rigidity as measured by a flexibility score from the Brengelmann Picture Recognition Test. The overinclusion score of the object classification test correlated highly (.90) with this flexibility score. (French summary) (16 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

I Bought His Private Practice.

In 1975 I enjoyed a full-time faculty position at the New Jersey Medical School. I held a joint appointment in the Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics/Gynecology and was involved in the development of the Human Sexuality Program. In addition to my duties at the Medical School, I conducted a small, part-time private practice, seeing patients in my office at the Medical School and occasionally borrowing a friend's office in a suburban town. This arrangement is probably familiar to many neophyte practitioners. Through my work in the Human Sexuality Program of the New Jersey Medical School, I was in charge of conducting weekend "Sexual Attitude Reassessment Seminars." At the suggestion of a senior psychologist, I invited a well-known New Jersey psychologist and the then-acting Dean of the Organizing Council for the College of Professional Psychology, a forerunner of the Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology at Rutgers, as a guest. We felt that his presence would be good publicity for our program. It was during this weekend that I was first approached by him with an offer to buy his practice. At the time of the purchase offer, I knew of no other psychologist who had bought a private practice. For details of the contract and purchase process, see the article by Robert Weitz (see record 2005-09169-002). For the young psychologist genuinely interested in developing a private practice, I would recommend seeking a seller. The choice of the seller, of course, is most important. In my case, it was an excellent choice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Experimental observations of chemical and thermal gradients in an experimental BOF

The objective of this investigation was to determine the chemical and thermal gradients during steel making in a pilot size basic oxygen furnace. It was postulated that if these gradients could be determined under different conditions, conflicting theories of operation could be tested and optimum operating conditions would be indicated. New sample probe techniques were developed in which the probes are inserted through the side of the vessel to desired locations. Shortly after reaching the desired locations, the tip of an evacuated tube inside the probe opens and delivers metal to the other end of the probe outside the vessel. Temperatures were determined throughout the bath by specially reinforced but sensitive thermocouple probes. Important differences in both chemical and thermal gradients were found. The gradients were greatest with shallow penetration of the jet-for example after 3 min in a heat with about 1 in. penetration, the P content varied from 0.05 to 0.17 pct, silicon from 0.05 to 0.20 pct and the temperature from 2500° to 2900° F. These variations were found in a bath only 6 in. deep and 15 in. diam. By contrast, with deeper jet penetration to the center of the bath, the gradients were greatly reduced. Regardless of the operating conditions employed, the data indicate a metal circulation pattern which is upward from the jet cavity and radially outward at the surface. Even more important, by inserting a spray collector above the bath, it was found that with hard blowing the jet pumps out a volume of droplets during a heat which is equal to the bath volume. These droplets are rapidly oxidized,e.g. from 3.6 to 0.4 pct C, in their flight above the bath and are an important consideration in refining.     

Evaluation of the contributed paper presentations at RMPA: 1975–1976.

Evaluated the short paper presentations at the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association conventions in Salt Lake City and Phoenix to develop a rating form that would provide an assessment of the quality of the presentations for the benefit of the speakers and future convention planners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Behavioral consequences of crowding in the deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus).

Hypothesized that, when the degree of crowding is manipulated by varying group size in cages of equal size, it is probable that crowded animals will engage in more contact than uncrowded animals. Home-cage observation of 24 male and 24 female deer mice indicates that crowded Ss do, in fact, engage in more contact behavior. Both home-cage observation and testing in pairs for pain-elicited aggression reveal that (a) crowded Ss display more agonistic behavior than uncrowded Ss, and (b) agonistic behavior increases with prolonged crowding. Support is obtained for the theory that the effect of crowding derives from contact with conspecifics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)