Influence of the harvesting year and fertilizer on the fatty acid composition and some physicochemical properties of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Sar? 85 (Linum usitatissimum L.) linseed variety was used in this study. Linseed was cultivated at 2008 (LS-08) and 2009 (LS-09) without fertilizer. In addition, at 2009 diammonium phosphate [(NH₄)₂HPO₄] and ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) were applied (LSF-09). The linseeds were analyzed for protein, ash and oil contents and fatty acid compositions. There were differences among harvesting years for oil, protein and ash contents of the seeds. The greater oil and protein contents were obtained during LS-08 compared with LS-09. There were no significant difference in protein and ash content between LS-09 and LSF-09 while a significant difference was observed in oil content. Seed protein, oil and ash contents were significantly affected by the harvesting year, but only oil content was affected by the fertilizer treatment. There are significant differences in palmitic, stearic, oleic, ??-linolenic and arachidic acid between LS-08 and LS-09. While palmitic, stearic, oleic acid decreased, ??-linolenic and arachidic acid increased during 2009 harvesting year. LSF-09 has the highest amount of ??-linolenic acid. The fertilizing treatment seems to have an increasing effect on the amount of ??-linolenic acid, while it has a decreasing effect on the oleic acid content.     

Heat and moisture transfer in fibrous thermal insulation with tight boundaries and a dynamical boundary temperature

Prefabricated, lightweight building elements are widely used in the building construction sector. Such elements consist of fibrous thermal insulation encapsulated between two metal sheets. Under various circumstances, moisture can appear in the insulation matrix. Since the temperature of the boundary metal sheets changes dynamically with meteorological conditions, heat and mass transfer between boundaries appear in this case. This paper presents a transient model of the heat and mass transfer, including the sorption and condensation processes. A numerical model considers the dynamical changing of the boundary temperatures. A parametric study considering different amplitudes of temperature change, different moisture masses and different thicknesses of the insulation matrix was made. It was found that a relatively small mass of water in the insulation matrix can result in a significantly increased average heat flux during a periodic cycle. The numerical code was verified with experiments, which showed good agreement with the numerics.     

Electronic mechanism of shear modulus enhancement in rare earth intermetallics Yb1−xTmxAl3

Rare earth elements doped thermoelectric materials Yb_1?xM_xAl₃ (M = Ho, Er and Tm) demonstrated anomalously enhanced shear modulus [Zhou J et al, Intermetallics, 2010; 18:2394]. However, the origin of the shear modulus enhancement has not yet been understood. In this work, we shed light on this mechanism by systematically analyzing the band structure and charge density near the Fermi energy of Yb_1?xTm_xAl₃ under various shear stresses on the basis of ab initio total energy calculations. We have showed that the valence band maximum (VBM) is very sensitive to shearing and plays an important role for the shear modulus enhancement. Since the valence electron structures of Ho, Er and Tm in Yb_1?xM_xAl₃ (M = Ho, Er and Tm) alloys are very similar, the present results will provide a fundamental understanding on the electronic origin of shear properties in these rare earth intermetallics.     

Evaluation of some water-miscible organic solvents for spray-drying enzymes and carbohydrates

The spray-drying behaviour of 16 water-miscible organic solvents on a bench-scale machine (Büchi B290 with inert loop) was determined under mild-to-moderate process conditions, namely inlet gas temperature of 130?°C and liquid feed flow rate of ≤3?mL/min. The solvents with boiling points below the inlet gas temperature could be fully dried (Group 1 solvents). The two exceptions were DMSO and DMF which despite their higher boiling points could be fully dried. The remaining solvents with boiling points above the inlet gas temperature were not fully dried during passage through the spray-dryer (Group 2 solvents). Trypsin and lysozyme when spray-dried from Group 1 solvent binary mixtures with water showed similar inactivation and residual water content, independent of solvent. The level of residual solvent was, however, strongly dependent on solvent. Trehalose (20%) and mannitol (10%) could be spray-dried from DMSO/water binary mixtures, but the amorphous disaccharide required higher inlet gas temperature. Trehalose/trypsin and mannitol/trypsin formulations showed differing degrees of protection against enzyme inactivation when spray-dried from Group 1 solvent binary mixtures with water. In all solvents the mannitol protected as well, if not better, than the trehalose. This study identifies some suitable organic solvents for spray-drying protein formulations, but also shows the difficulties of remaining organic solvent under the moderate inlet gas temperature used.     

Toward a model of socializing project team members: An integrative approach

Project work is becoming more and more important in everyday business, as is staffing the right newcomers for the project. Recognizing that not all new project team workers possess equally important specific knowledge, skills and abilities for the success of projects, we draw on project management, human resource management, and organizational socialization literature to develop a framework on how new project team members might be socialized, depending on their strategic value for the project. We specifically draw on the socialization tactics literature and propose how four categories of new employees – Internal specialists, External specialists, External generalists and Internal generalists; based on two dimensions – work task complexity and employment mode, can be socialized more effectively. Implications for theory and practice are discussed as well.     

Cracking cone fracture after cold compaction of argillaceous particles

Cold uniaxial pressing of powder into a green body is a common forming process used in ceramic and pharmaceutical industries. Argillaceous particles are used as a model system to investigate granule failure during compaction. Indeed, the volume enclosed between the die and punches is reduced and the powder consolidates until a final height is obtained or a prescribed compacting pressure is reached. Desired properties of the green body are high strength, uniform density, no defects and fracture. In this work an experimental investigation has been focused on the ‘cracking cone’ fracture in powder compacts. This includes studies of crack propagation and determination of operating conditions to avoid the green body fracture. The numerical modelling is implemented using a finite element method based on the Von Mises criterion. A case of simulation is presented to demonstrate the ability of the model to compute the distribution of the relative stresses.     

Migration of α-tocopherol from LDPE films to corn oil and its effect on the oxidative stability

The migration of α-tocopherol (α-T) from low density polyethylene (LDPE) films, added with 20 (film A) and 40 mg g^?1 (film B) to corn oil for 12 weeks at 5, 20 and 30 °C was determined. A LDPE film added with no α-T was used as control (film C). Diffusion coefficient (D) values for the film A system were 1.4 × 10^?11, 7.1 × 10^?11 and 30.3 × 10^?11 cm² s^?1 at 5, 20 and 30 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, D values for the film B system were 1.3 × 10^?11, 9.6 × 10^?11 and 51.1 × 10^?11 cm² s^?1 at the same temperatures. The activation energy (E_a) for the diffusion of α-T was 126.5 (film A) and 105.9 kJ mol^?1 (film B). The effect of the migration of α-T on the oxidative stability of corn oil was evaluated by monitoring hexanal content by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography. The hexanal content in the oil showed that both films added with α-T resulted suitable to maintain the oxidative stability of the oil for about 16 weeks at 30 °C, compared to 12 weeks for the oil in contact with the film C.     

用样点加密和补零充位提高频谱分辨率

在地震数据处理中,频谱分析是不可缺少的重要环节。PE—3284机TRAFO模块是采用FFT算法进行频谱分析的。由于频谱的分辨率与被处理的时窗长度成正比,当时窗长度小于2000ms时,分辨率很低,不能用于实际生产。本文提出用样点加密和补零充位的方法提高频谱分辨率,效果明显,方法简单,对时窗长度大于75ms的谱分析,完全能满足实际处理需要。     

2—范空间上有界2—线性泛函的保范延拓

研究了２－范空间具有保范延拓性质的一个必要条件，以及一个子空间上的有界２－线性泛函可保范延拓的一个充分必要条件，并导出相应的一些推论。     

水源保护区划界的遥感与GIS技术研究

科学合理地划定水源地的保护范围是一项技术含量较高的工作。以厦门市饮用水源中的北溪引水渠(管道)和坂头水库为例,根据饮用水源保护区划分原则,研究基于数字化的地形图建立数字高程模型并自动生成汇水区盆地和流域范围的GIS技术、获取相关自然环境专题信息的遥感技术、以及综合利用社会和自然等多种数据源进行保护区范围界定的方法。重点探讨数字高程模型的建立以及汇水区盆地和流域边界自动生成的GIS方法。