Some aspects of the modeling balanced fetacidic structure in sprets

Information about the development of a method of fatty basis of food inverse emulsion (spread) modeling is given in the article. Theoretical substantiation of creation of a balanced fatty product of functional purpose is described in the article. Practical research results of spread fatty basis creation from palm, soya and rape oil are presented.     

Identification of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) aroma compounds with GC–MS

Buckwheat has a strong characteristic aroma, but its phytochemical background has not yet been fully elucidated. The aims of this study were identification and quantification of individual compounds responsible for the buckwheat aroma. Volatiles from a freshly ground buckwheat flour were extracted by different methods: direct extraction with petroleum ether, pentane or methanol, distillation with Clevenger apparatus and a headspace solid-phase microextraction method. The extracts were analysed by GC–MS with electron ionisation. Compounds were identified by MS and by comparison of retention times with reference compounds. Direct extraction with methanol and distillation proved to be very efficient. In these extracts twenty-five and thirty-five compounds were identified, respectively. The first extract contained more hydrophilic compounds and the latter more volatile compounds. Most of the compounds were quantified and their odour activity value (OAV) calculated. Only two compounds (salicylaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde) were found in both extracts. The compounds with the highest contribution to the buckwheat aroma were: 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, phenylacetaldehyde, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, (E)-2-nonenal, decanal, hexanal and salicylaldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde).     

Treatment of closed fractures in children

The principles of treatment of bone fractures in children differ from those in adults and are determined by the morphofunctional features of the growing and developing child organism: the anatomo-physiological peculiarities of the structure and blood supply of the bone of a child, the high regenerative possibilities, the capability for self-correction of some types of residual displacement during growth. Peculiar types of bone injuries occur in childhood which are not encountered in adults. These are subperiosteal linear and folded fractures, fractures of the green stick type, damage to the growth zones (epiphyseolysis and osteo-epiphyseolysis), etc. The localization of the fracture and the size (degree) of displacement of the fragments are very important in the choice of the therapeutic tactics. Predominantly qualitative appraisal of the displacement suffices in metaphyseal and diaphyseal fracture and in injury to the growth zones (extra-articular fracture). Quantitative appraisal of the size of the displacement is advisable in intra-articular fractures, for which the techniques are suggested. Four degrees of fragment displacement are distinguished. Depending on the localization and character of the fracture and the size of the displacement of the fragments, conservative, active surgical, and operative therapeutic tactics may be chosen according to strictly differentiated indications. Each of them includes various methods of fracture management.     

Pattern recognition-based supervision of indirect adaptation for better disturbance handling

An advanced pattern recognition-based supervision algorithm for an indirect adaptive controller is proposed. The aim is to improve performance under certain conditions that are common in the industrial environment, in which indirect adaptive controllers with simple supervision are known to perform poorly or unreliably. Specifically, the problem of large invasive unmeasured disturbances of short or longer duration is addressed. The supervisor is designed to recognize such events as quickly as possible by analysis of recent control signals, without additional measurements. It applies appropriate strategies to prevent model degradation by learning from misleading data and to maintain acceptable performance under unfavorable conditions. As an illustration, it has been applied to the control of a model of a semi-cleanroom HVAC installation subsystem.     

Voltammetric measurements of aminosalicylate drugs using bismuth film electrode

A bismuth film electrode (BiFE) prepared ex-situ on a supporting glassy carbon electrode exhibited convenient electroanalytical performance for voltammetric measurement of selected aminosalycilate drugs. The reduction behaviour of aminosalycilate drugs was studied in aqueous solutions within the pH range of 4–6. The voltammetric responses were compared with those obtained at the bare glassy carbon electrode under identical conditions. In the square-wave voltammetric operation mode the BiFE showed a linear response in the concentration range of 5 × 10⁻⁶ to 3.5 × 10⁻⁴ and 1 × 10⁻⁶ to 5 × 10⁻⁴ M for sulfasalazine and olsalazine, respectively. Its electrode surface revealed auspiciously high stability and remarkable reproducibility in the rapid analysis of aminosalycilate drugs. Finally, the BiFE was satisfactorily applied for direct quantitation of azo prodrugs in real pharmaceutical samples.     

Evaluating probability of default: Intelligent agents in managing a multi-model system

For the successful probability of default (PD) evaluation with the application of multiple prediction models two issues should be addressed: the accuracy of the analytic models which decreases over time and the evaluation of results which must be presented in a uniform shape. To deal with these two issues, a multi-agent system (MAS) and knowledge management systems (KMS) based process management system is proposed. The proposed system has two goals: to prevent the PD information quality deterioration by active management of analytical processes and to provide a universal access point allowing the simultaneous use of multiple prediction models.     

Antimicrobial and antioxidative enrichment of oak (Quercus robur) bark by rotation planar extraction using ExtraChrom

The multifunctional ExtraChrom instrument was used in the extraction of antimicrobial and radical scavenging components from oak (Quercus robur L.) bark. Milled and sieved oak bark was extracted with 80% (v/v) methanol solution in water on the ExtraChrom instrument using step-gradient in the preparative separation. Extracts were tested using agar diffusion method on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes and Candida albicans. Some extracts showed moderate bactericidal, fungicidal, bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity. The composition related to activity of the fractions and extracts was screened simultaneously by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) detected by UV and by spraying the plate with radical scavenging reagent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to detect antioxidant activity. Thus, we could demonstrate the antiradical and antimicrobial activity of oak beneficial in the storage of wine against the oxidation and human microbial exposure.