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51.
Dissipative structures of autocatalytic reactions with initially uniform concentrations are studied in tubular flow reactors. A unique steady state exists in a continuous stirred tank reactor. Linear stability analysis predicts either a stable node, a focus or an unstable saddle-focus. Sustained oscillations around the unstable focus can occur for high values of Damköhler number. In distributed parameter systems, travelling, standing or complex oscillatory waves are detected. For low values of Damköhler number, travelling waves with pseudo-constant patterns are observed. With intermediate values of Damköhler number, single or multiple standing waves are obtained. The temporal behavior indicates also the appearance of retriggering or echo waves. For high values of Damköhler number, both single peak and complex multipeak oscillations are found. In the cell model, both regular oscillations near the inlet and chaotic behavior downstream are observed. In the dispersion model, higher Peclet numbers eliminate the oscillations. The spatial profile shows a train of pulsating waves for the discret model and a single pulsating or solitary wave for the continuous model. 相似文献
52.
Jae-Wook Lee Kyung-June Hwang Wang-Geun Shim Kyung-Hee Park Hal-Bon Gu Kyu-Hyuk Kwun 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2007,24(5):847-850
Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been receiving significant attention because they have many advantages compared to
conventional organic solar cells. It has been known that the photovoltaic characteristics of DSSC are highly dependent on
the adsorption properties of dyes on TiO2 films. To analyze the surface heterogeneity of TiO2 surfaces, single-phase anatase nanocrystallite titanium films were prepared by sol-gel method using the hydrolysis reaction
of titanium tetraisopropoxide under acidic condition and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM and BET analysis. The adsorption energy
distribution functions were calculated by the generalized nonlinear regularization method. It was found that the shape and
the intensity of the adsorption energy distribution curve determined were highly related with the physical properties (i.e.,
geometrical heterogeneity) and chemical characteristics (i.e., energetic heterogeneity) of nanocrystalline TiO2 for DSSC. 相似文献
53.
The infrared reflectance and transmission spectra of amorphous CdGe
x
As2 were investigated to study the amorphous structure with varying Ge content. The mid-infrared optical absorption edges of amorphous CdGe
x
As2 with 0<x<1.2, were observed in the range 1.6–1.7 m, indicating a structural similarity in short-range order throughout. Comparing the reflectance and transmission spectra of amorphous and devitrified crystalline phases established that the structures of amorphous CdGe
x
As2 transformed from the CdAs2 basic structure to the chalcopyrite (CdGeAs2) structure, as one progressed fromx=0 tox=1.2. The infrared spectra were interpreted interactively with radial distribution function, magnetic susceptibility, density measurements, and crystallization studies. The crystallization behaviour of amorphous CdGe
x
As2 that was heat treated at different temperatures was investigated using far-infrared transmission spectra. 相似文献
54.
The effects of winglet offset distance, winglet coverage, and winglet cross section on the over-tip leakage loss for the plane tip have been investigated experimentally in a turbine blade cascade for a tip gap height-to-span ratio of h/s = 1.36 %. The results show that the over-tip leakage loss for the full coverage winglet increases steeply with increasing the winglet offset distance. This loss generation is attributed to flow disturbances over the forward-facing and backward-facing steps within the tip gap. The winglet flush mounted to the tip surface provides the best result. With the leading edge winglet portion or without it, the both-side winglet always provides better aerodynamic performance than the corresponding pressure-side winglet or suction-side winglet. Longer coverage of the both-side winglet leads to lower loss. Therefore, the full coverage winglet performs best in the loss reduction for the plane tip. In general, thinner winglet leads to better aerodynamic result, and the winglet cross section having a slant bottom surface with the smallest thickness at its outer end is recommended. 相似文献
55.
Jae-Chul?LeeEmail author Jae-Hyeok?Shim Ho-In?Lee 《Metals and Materials International》2003,9(4):369-373
In an ASZ/A384 Al composite, the interfacial reaction was observed to take place between the SiO2 binder layer and Mg within the matrix to form MgAl2O4 at the interface. Formation of MgAl2O4 at the interface between ASZ short fibers and the Al matrix alloy is believed to enhance the interfacial bonding strength,
resulting in improved composite strength. However, the interfacial reaction in the ASZ/A384 Al proceeds at the expense of
Mg in the matrix, resulting in a composite devoid of Mg bearing precipitates such as Al2CuMg and Mg2Si. 相似文献
56.
57.
首次选用镍作为中间催化剂,采用吸附还原成长法制备纳米Ir/SPE电极,并就镀浴温度和pH值、H2IrCl6浓度、NaBH4与H2IrCl6配比对电极制备的影响作了深入研究。研究表明:采用吸附还原成长法,以Ni作为中间催化剂,浓度为22mmol·L-1NaBH4与浓度为6mmol·L-1H2IrCl6的混合液作为镀浴,亦即NaBH4与H2IrCl6配比为3.6,pH值为8,镀浴温度为40℃,镀浴时间为24h的条件下,循环镀覆3次,可获得致密、均匀,具有良好电解性能的纳米级Ir/SPE电极。 相似文献
58.
Sang Chul Seo Hyun Jung Kim Byung Ho Park Kwang Suk Son Sung Keun Lee Sun Bae Kang Donggyu Kim 《Metals and Materials International》2006,12(3):273-277
In a continuous casting steelmaking operation, the surface of a slab is under a condition that can be characterized as high-temperature,
low-cycle fatigue in which the tensile and compressive stress is repeatedly developed. For this reason, for the evaluation
of the hot ductility of a slab, considering the fatigue deformation is more feasible before a tensile or compressive test.
In this study, the effects of low-cycle fatigue on the hot ductility of steels with a carbon content of 0.06–0.8 wt.% are
investigated at various temperatures. For a carbon content of 0.06%, there were no significant differences between the RA
values from a simple tensile test and those from a tensile test after fatigue deformation. The tendency of ductility deterioration
with fatigue deformation is evident in 0.1 %C steel, and is due to the deformation-induced ferrite film that forms around
the prior austenite grain. Conversely, high carbon steel containing 0.8 %C did not show a recovery of hot ductility in a low
temperature region, and the specimen on which the tensile was measured after fatigue showed a higher hot ductility in the
low temperature region, which is thought to result from the pearlite refinement effects. As the results obtained in this work
showed noticeable differences in the hot ductility of carbon steel through the test conditions, it is suggested that for more
accurate data, fatigue deformation be adopted in which the temperature range in an unbending operation is determined in the
steelmaking factory. 相似文献
59.
Recently, Kim and Bell ( 2011 ) developed a revenue managemnent pricing model with price‐driven substitution. The authors considered production decisions under unlimited production capacity and investigated the impact of price‐driven substitution on a firm's pricing and production decisions. The authors modeled the consumer demands for each market segment as linear additive demand function based on exogenous variables, where demand substitution occurred as a function of price differences between the two products. In this article, we extend this work to examine the impact of a production capacity constraint on the firm's joint pricing and inventory decisions. Based on this extended model, we investigate the impact of price‐driven substitution on a firm's pricing and production decisions where there is a limit on total capacity. We show how revenue managers should adjust prices and production levels to take into account price‐driven substitution under a capacity constraint setting. Both deterministic and stochastic models are developed, and the impact of price‐driven substitution and a capacity constraint on the optimal prices, production levels, and revenues is illustrated. 相似文献
60.