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991.
为研究硫磺粉尘爆炸危险性,采用哈特曼管式爆炸测试装置与20 L球爆炸测试装置对常温常压下不同粒径的硫磺粉尘爆炸特性参数进行了测试和评估,得到了不同粒径硫磺粉尘的最小点火能、爆炸下限质量浓度和爆炸指数,根据实验结果对硫磺粉尘危险性进行了分级。结果表明,70~850 μm不同粒径的硫磺粉尘最小点火能在0.144~125 mJ,且随着粒径的减小而降低;45~375 μm不同粒径的硫磺粉尘爆炸极限质量浓度在15~20 g/m3,且随着粉尘粒径的减小而降低;45~375 μm不同粒径的硫磺粉尘最大爆炸指数在34.46~39.87 MPa·m/s,且随着粒径的减小而增大,其粉尘爆炸危险性等级为St3。 相似文献
992.
石化企业蒸汽动力系统的多周期优化运行 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蒸汽动力系统的优化运行对石化企业的安全生产和成本控制具有重要的影响。采用混合整数线性规划描述了石化企业蒸汽动力系统的超结构,建立了多周期优化运行的数学模型,充分考虑了蒸汽动力系统设备在多周期操作中的维修约束。通过对某炼油企业蒸汽动力系统的实例研究,论证了模型的科学性和适用性。 相似文献
993.
A. Ben Ismail M. Rachik P.-E. Mazeran M. Fafard E. Hug 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》2009,51(11-12):899-906
Sheet metal blanking is widely used in various industrial applications such as automotive and electrical rotating machines. When this process is used, the designer can be faced with several problems introduced by the change of the material state in the vicinity of the cut edge. In general, blanking operations severely affect mechanical and physical properties of blanked parts. To take into account these modifications during the part design, it is important to assess the influence of the process parameters on the resulting material properties. Previous experimental and numerical investigations of blanking process have been carried out, leading to the development and the validation of a finite element model that predicts the shape of the cut edge and state of the material. The study presented in this paper makes use of nanoindentation technique to improve the validation of the previously cited model. To this end, nanoindentation tests were combined with inverse identification technique to approach some of the characteristics of material state like work hardening near its cut edges. Indentation tests were carried out in the vicinity of several parts of cut edges. Based on the corresponding load versus penetration curves, the evolution of the yielding stress resulting from the material work hardening was estimated and compared to the predictions obtained from the numerical simulation of blanking process. These comparisons show good agreement between the measurements and the predictions from finite element model. 相似文献
994.
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996.
Ben van Ommen Jaap Keijer Sandra G. Heil Jim Kaput 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2009,53(7):795-804
A primary goal of nutrition research is to optimize health and prevent or delay disease. Biomarkers to quantify health optimization are needed since many if not most biomarkers are developed for diseases. Quantifying “normal homeostasis” and developing validated biomarkers are formidable tasks because of the robustness of homeostasis and of inter‐individual diversity. In this paper, we discuss the science, strategies, and technologies for measuring parameters that define individual health. The following concepts are central to define the physiology of the healthy individual: (i) responses to a challenge of homeostasis will be more informative than static homeostatic measures; (ii) processes involved in maintaining homeostasis usually are multi‐factorial and require quantitative analyses of the many individual components involved; (iii) health includes a large variation in “normality” and the effects of nutritional interventions may remain hidden in this “diversity of robustness,” if incompletely analyzed. Specifically, comprehensive multi‐parameter (“omics”) analysis may identify key parameters (biomarkers) and lead to a greater understanding of health supporting processes. Perturbation tests that accurately target aspects of the overarching drivers of health (metabolism, oxidation, inflammation, and psychological stress) may be instrumental in creating knowledge for maintaining health and preventing disease through nutrition. 相似文献
997.
Pilar Martínez Viedma Hikmate Abriouel Angel Sobrino López Nabil Ben Omar Rosario Lucas López Eva Valdivia Olga Martín Belloso Antonio Gálvez 《Food microbiology》2009
Enterocin AS-48 was tested in apple juice against the cider-spoilage, exopolysaccharide-producing strain Lactobacillus diolivorans 29 in combination with high-intensity pulsed-electric field (HIPEF) treatment (35 kV/cm, 150 Hz, 4 μs and bipolar mode). A response surface methodology was applied to study the bactericidal effects of the combined treatment, with AS-48 concentration and HIPEF treatment time as process variables. At subinhibitory bacteriocin concentrations, microbial inactivation by the combined treatment increased as the bacteriocin concentration and the HIPEF treatment time increased (from 0.5 to 2.0 μg/ml and from 100 to 1000 μs, respectively). Highest inactivation (4.87 logs) was achieved by 1000 μs HIPEF treatment in combination with 2.0 μg/ml AS-48. While application of treatments separately did not protect juice from survivors during storage, survivors to the combined treatment were inactivated within the following 24 h of storage, and the treated samples remained free from detectable lactobacilli for at least 15 days at temperatures of 4 °C as well as 22 °C. The combined treatment could be useful for inactivation of exopolysaccharide-producing L. diolivorans in apple juice. 相似文献
998.
Power management is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because wireless sensor nodes are usually battery powered, and an efficient use of the available battery power becomes an important concern specially for those applications where the system is expected to operate for long durations. This necessity for energy efficient operation of a WSN has prompted the development of new protocols in all layers of the communication stack. Provided that, the radio transceiver is the most power consuming component of a typical sensor node, large gains can be achieved at the link layer where the medium access control (MAC) protocol controls the usage of the radio transceiver unit. MAC protocols for sensor networks differ greatly from typical wireless networks access protocols in many issues. MAC protocols for sensor networks must have built‐in power conservation, mobility management, and failure recovery strategies. Furthermore, sensor MAC protocols should make performance trade‐off between latency and throughput for a reduction in energy consumption to maximize the lifetime of the network. This is in general achieved through duty cycling the radio transceiver. Many MAC protocols with different objectives were proposed for wireless sensor networks in the literature. Most of these protocols take into account the energy efficiency as a main objective. There is much more innovative work should be done at the MAC layer to address the hard unsolved problems. In this paper, we first outline and discuss the specific requirements and design trade‐offs of a typical wireless sensor MAC protocol by describing the properties of WSN that affect the design of MAC layer protocols. Then, a typical collection of wireless sensor MAC protocols presented in the literature are surveyed, classified, and described emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages whenever possible. Finally, we present research directions and identify open issues for future medium access research. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
999.
阳离子淀粉对纤维黏附性能影响因素的分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
测试分析影响阳离子淀粉对纺织纤维黏附性的主要因素.通过测试阳离子淀粉的取代度以及粗纱浸浆时间和温度等因素对粗纱断裂强力等表征黏附性能指标的影响,得知:提高阳离子淀粉的含量和取代度,增加粗纱的浸浆时间和温度以及搅拌的时间和速度,有利于增强阳离子淀粉与纺织纤维之间的黏附力. 相似文献
1000.
Fender A Rigg EJ Maier RR MacPherson WN Barton JS Moore AJ Jones JD Zhao D Zhang L Bennion I McCulloch S Jones BJ 《Applied optics》2006,45(36):9041-9048
We describe the use of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) in the interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for dynamic strain measurement. The ratiometric AWG output was calibrated in a static deflection experiment over a +/-200 microepsilon range. Dynamic strain measurement was demonstrated with a FBG in a conventional single-mode fiber mounted on the surface of a vibrating cantilever and on a piezoelectric actuator, giving a resolution of 0.5 microepsilon at 2.4 kHz. We present results of this technique extended to measure the dynamic differential strain between two FBG pairs within a multicore fiber. An arbitrary cantilever oscillation of the multicore fiber was determined from curvature measurements in two orthogonal axes at 1125 Hz with a resolution of 0.05 m(-1). 相似文献