The Influences of DMF Content in Composite Polymer Electrolytes on Li+-Conductivity and Interfacial Stability with Li-Metal

Trace N, N-dimethylformamide(DMF) containing composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) has attracted much attention owing to the dramatically increased Li⁺-conductivity. But the amount of DMF is critical and needs to be clarified for the interfacial stability, since DMF is easily reduced by Li-metal. Herein, the influences of DMF in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based CPEs are studied on the Li⁺-conductivity and interfacial stability. In PEO-based CPEs, owing to a stronger interaction of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfon)imide (LiTFSI) with PEO than DMF, DMF can not be confined and be easily evaporated off. Only ≈0.25wt.% DMF is absorbed on ceramic electrolyte fillers, giving two times increased Li⁺-conductivity compared with the DMF-free counterparts and generating stable interface with Li-metal; but over much DMF (≥2.2 wt.%) leads to serious interfacial reactions with Li-metal. While in PVDF-based CPEs, ≈8wt.% DMF is confined by LiTFSI owing to a stronger interaction of LiTFSI with DMF than with PVDF. Short-term stable interface with Li-metal can be obtained, but longer-term cycling or higher current density leads to the gradually aggravated reactions with Li-metal. Thanks to the high-voltage stability of PVDF based CPEs, better cycling performance is obtained when they are used as catholytes to match high-voltage cathodes.     

Identifying and Exploring Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Skyrmions

Synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) skyrmions are emerging as novel information carriers due to their high mobility and lack of a skyrmion Hall effect. However, distinguishing SAF skyrmions from their ferromagnetic counterparts using imaging techniques like magneto-optical microscopy remains challenging. While the suppressed intrinsic skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE) has been commonly used to identify SAF skyrmions, it is important to note that other factors such as defect pinning and dipolar interaction can also lead to a suppressed SkHE. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a universal identification method that can reliably differentiate SAF skyrmions from ferromagnetic ones. In this study, the generation of a SAF skyrmion within a standard SAF stack is demonstrated and its motion with almost no SkHE is investigated. Furthermore, a universal identification method is proposed wherein the application of an out-of-plane field allows the SAF skyrmion to be decoupled into two domains, which can either expand or contract with the application of an electric current. By expediting the development of a reliable means of identifying SAF skyrmions, these findings will accelerate the realization of practical applications based on these unique information carriers.     

城市滨水蓝绿空间冷岛效应的影响因素与分布特征——以武汉、南京和杭州为例

城市蓝绿空间的科学规划有利于缓减城市热岛、降低能耗和增进城市人群健康。然而,中国大城市滨水蓝绿空间冷岛效应却缺乏较为深入的定量分析和研究。本研究以武汉、南京和杭州三个水系发达城市为例,在借助多源遥感和GIS空间数据计算三个中国城市地表温度（LST）及冷岛强度基础上,采用基于机器学习的决策树回归方法探究各滨水蓝绿空间形态因子的对城市冷岛效应的影响程度和分布特征,同时有效克服了传统线性回归模型在揭示蓝绿空间众多影响因子交互作用方面的受限问题。结果表明,武汉滨水蓝绿空间的强冷岛效应区域位于东湖、汤逊湖等大型湖泊周边,南京则为秦淮河南岸,杭州则为钱塘江中段南侧和西湖南侧。决策树回归结果表明,不同城市起主导作用的景观形态因子也存在差异,不同城市的水域形态对城市热岛影响作用明显。在杭州和南京,水面率和绿地率为主导因子,杭州受其共同影响占72.9%,南京则为61.8%。在武汉,水面率、水域形状指数为主导因子,受其共同影响占63.5%。研究结果可以为中国大城市滨水蓝绿空间的科学规划及设计提供有益参考。     

基于工业物联网技术的稻谷加工系统研究

目的:解决稻谷加工系统缺乏设备间信息交流和协调控制导致的大米产出质量不稳定问题。方法:基于工业物联网技术构建了稻谷加工系统5层架构,针对架构中网络层、决策层、控制层等层级存在的技术难题分别提出了基于机器视觉的无线传感器网络模型、基于差分进化算法的模糊自整定控制模型和砻谷机胶辊同步控制方法等相应层级难题的解决方法,并对系统的软硬件进行设计,对砻碾工段进行了实际改造,选用早籼稻谷进行了加工试验。结果:相比于传统加工,改进后的稻谷加工系统出糙率提升约1%,整精米率提升约1%,生产能耗降低约15%。结论:设计的基于物联网技术的稻谷加工系统对提高稻谷加工等流程加工系统的智能化改造具有借鉴意义。     

miR-642a-3p对藻蓝色素抑制非小细胞肺癌活性的调控作用

藻蓝色素(PC)是一种来自海洋藻类的天然色素蛋白复合体,也是一类重要的食品功能因子,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、增强免疫等生理活性,被广泛应用于功能性食品、医药及化妆品等领域。藻蓝色素对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)细胞活性的抑制作用已被证实,然而其机制尚不明确。本研究以miR-642a-3p为切入点,探究藻蓝色素抑制NSCLC细胞活性的机制。试验结果表明,藻蓝色素能够上调4种NSCLC细胞(A549、H1299、H460和LTEP-a2)中miR-642a-3p的表达水平。过表达干预细胞中的miR-642a-3p水平能够显著抑制4种细胞的体外增殖、迁移和非锚定生长能力。此外,转染miRNA抑制剂干预miR-642a-3p的表达,在一定程度上增强了细胞的活性。本研究初步揭示miR-642a-3p上调表达参与藻蓝色素抑制NSCLC细胞活性的过程,为藻蓝色素的深入研究和利用提高科学依据。     

Distilled beverage aging: A review on aroma characteristics,maturation mechanisms,and artificial aging techniques

The market value of distilled beverage relies on its quality with a major contribution of distinctive and fascinating aromas. The aroma of distilled beverage is built on the basis of chemical components and can be modified through a series of physical and chemical processes such as aging. Revealing the hidden knowledge behind the evolution of numerous chemical components during these physicochemical processes in distilled beverages is not only significant but also challenging due to its complex system. In this review, the trends in the changes of associated aroma compounds over aging are proposed on the basis of understanding the relationship between chemical components and aroma profiles of numerous typical distilled beverages. The different aging systems, both classical platforms from Eastern countries (pottery jars) to Western countries (wood barrels), and modern platforms such as artificial aging technologies are outlined and compared with their respective applications. Optimizing aging processes is a challenging but imperative step, which warrants further fundamental knowledge from targeting aging-related molecules to the exploration of multitude physicochemical reaction mechanisms that occur during this process, such as the formation of potent odorant compounds in specific containers and environments, as well as mass transfer processes between solid and liquid interfaces. Understanding these maturation mechanisms of distilled beverages expressed by chemosensory signature holds promise for major improvements in future aging technologies that can efficiently yield stable and high-quality products.     

Ligand-Assisted Self-Assembly of 3D Perovskite Nanocrystals into Chiral Inorganic Quasi-2D Perovskites (n = 3) with Ligand-Ratio-Dependent Chirality Inversion

Chiral inorganic quasi-2D perovskites are prepared by self-assembling 3D perovskites in solution for the first time. The quasi-2D perovskite synthesized is a pure-phase perovskite with <n> = 3 and is periodically arranged, which is a big breakthrough in quasi-2D inorganic perovskites.  With the individual chiral CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals (NCs) assemble into quasi-2D perovskite, the g-factor significantly improved (≈5 × 10⁻³). In addition, the chiroptical activity of quasi-2D perovskites is explored to be improved with the lateral size increasing. In the first stage of assembly, chiral optical activity is increased due to the lateral size-dependent optical activity, while the changes in the later stages are attributable to the chiral morphology. Interestingly, chirality inversion is found to be correlated to the number of ligands. It is believed that different conformers of chiral ligands caused by steric hindrance of the original ligand oleylamine result in opposite circular dichroism (CD) polarities. The chirality inversion phenomenon is universal, regardless of the choice of ligands. This work opens up a new path for the synthesis of quasi-2D perovskites and provides more opportunities for the modulation of chiral optical activity.     

Biomimetic Nanobomb for Synergistic Therapy with Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a type of cell with self-renewal, unlimited proliferation, and insensitivity to common physical and chemical factors, are the key to cancer metastasis, recurrence, and chemo-resistance. Available CSCs inhibition strategies are mainly based on small molecule drugs, yet are limited by their off-target toxicity. The link between CSCs and non-CSCs interconversion is difficult to sever. In this work, a nanotherapeutic strategy based on MnO_x-loaded polydopamine (MnO_x/PDA) nanobombs with chemodynamic, photodynamic, photothermal and biodegradation properties to inhibit CSCs and non-CSCs concurrently is reported. The MnO_x/PDA nanobombs can directly disrupt the microenvironment and tumorigenic capacity of CSCs by generating hyperthermia, oxidative stress and alleviating hypoxia. The markers of CSCs are subsequently downregulated, leading to the clearance of CSCs. Meanwhile, the synergistic therapy mediated by MnO_x/PDA nanobombs can directly ablate the bulk tumor cells, thus cutting off the supply of CSCs transformation. For tumor targeting, MnO_x/PDA is coated with macrophage membrane. The final tumor inhibition rate of the synergistic therapy is 70.8% in colorectal cancer (CRC) model. Taken together, the present work may open up the exploration of nanomaterial-based synergistic therapy for the simultaneous elimination of therapeutically resistant CSCs and non-CSCs.     

Multi-Targeted and On-Demand Non-Coding RNA Regulation Nanoplatform against Metastasis and Recurrence of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRs) is the hallmark of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is closely involved with its growth, metastasis, and recurrence. Dysregulated miRs are promising targets for TNBC therapy, however, targeted and accurate regulation of multiple disordered miRs in tumors is still a great challenge. Here, a multi-targeting and on-demand non-coding RNA regulation nanoplatform (MTOR) is reported to precisely regulate disordered miRs, leading to dramatical suppression of TNBC growth, metastasis, and recurrence. With the assistance of long blood circulation, ligands of urokinase-type plasminogen activator peptide and hyaluronan located in multi-functional shells enable MTOR to actively target TNBC cells and breast cancer stem cell-like cells (BrCSCs). After entering TNBC cells and BrCSCs, MTOR is subjected to lysosomal hyaluronidase-induced shell detachment, leading to an explosion of the TAT-enriched core, thereby enhancing nuclear targeting. Subsequently, MTOR could precisely and simultaneously downregulate microRNA-21 expression and upregulate microRNA-205 expression in TNBC. In subcutaneous xenograft, orthotopic xenograft, pulmonary metastasis, and recurrence TNBC mouse models, MTOR shows remarkably synergetic effects on the inhibition of tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence due to its on-demand regulation of disordered miRs. This MTOR system opens a new avenue for on-demand regulation of disordered miRs against growth, metastasis, and recurrence of TNBC.     

Band Modification and Localized Lattice Engineering Leads to High Thermoelectric Performance in Ge and Bi Codoped SnTe–AgBiTe2 Alloys

SnTe, emerging as an environment-friendly alternative to conventional PbTe thermoelectrics, has drawn significant attention for clean energy conversion. Here, a high peak figure of merit (ZT) of 1.45 at 873 K in Ge/Bi codoped SnTe–AgBiTe₂ alloys is reported. It is demonstrated that the existence of Ge, Bi, and Ag facilitate band convergence in SnTe, resulting in remarkable enhancement of Seebeck coefficient and power factor. Simultaneously, localized lattice imperfections including dislocations, point defects, and micro/nanopore structures are caused by incorporation of Ge, Bi, and Ag, which can effectively scatter heat carrying phonons with different wavelengths and contribute to an extremely low κ_L of 0.61 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ in Sn_0.92Ge_0.04Bi_0.04Te–10%AgBiTe₂. Such high peak ZT is achieved by decouples electron and phonon transport through band modification and localized lattice engineering, highlighting promising solutions for advancing thermoelectrics.