Bioethanol production from thick juice as intermediate of sugar beet processing

The aims of this study were to investigate the bioethanol production of thick juice as intermediate from sugar beet processing in batch culture by free Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells and the effect of sugar concentration on ethanol yield and CO₂ weight loss rate. Thick juice and molasses of sugar beet from a domestic sugar factory were diluted with distilled water to give a total sugar concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% (w w^?1). Initial concentration of fermentable sugars of 20% (w w^?1) in culture medium can be taken as optimal, enabling maximal ethanol yield (68%) and maximal CO₂ evolution rate was realized, amounting to more than 90 g L^?1 h^?1. The optimal concentration of fermentable sugar from thick juice for bioethanol production by free S. cerevisiae cells was 20% (w w^?1) at 30 °C, pH 5 and agitation rate 200 rpm gave maximum ethanol concentration of 12% (v v^?1).     

From trading to eCommunity management: Responding to social and contractual challenges

The increasing pressure for enterprises to join into agile business networks is changing the requirements on the enterprise computing systems. The supporting infrastructure is increasingly required to provide common facilities and societal infrastructure services to support the lifecycle of loosely-coupled, eContract-governed business networks. The required facilities include selection of those autonomously administered business services that the enterprises are prepared to provide and use, contract negotiations, and furthermore, monitoring of the contracted behaviour with potential for breach management. The essential change is in the requirement of a clear mapping between business-level concepts and the automation support for them. Our work has focused on developing B2B middleware to address the above challenges; however, the architecture is not feasible without management facilities for trust-aware decisions for entering business networks and interacting within them. This paper discusses how trust-based decisions are supported and positioned in the B2B middleware.     

The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C and 230 °C

Heat-treatment changes the chemical and physical properties of wood. Wood polymers are degraded, dimensional stability is enhanced, equilibrium moisture content is lowered, colour darkens and biological durability is increased. The properties of heat-treated wood have been researched considerably, but the differences between sapwood and heartwood have not been reported separately. In this research, water absorption differences between sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at temperatures 170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C and 230 °C were investigated. The results were compared to industrially kiln-dried reference samples. Water absorption was determined with a floating test based on the EN 927-5 standard. The heartwood of both wood species absorbed less water than sapwood. Heat-treatment evidently decreased the water absorption of spruce and pine heartwood. The higher the heat-treating temperature, the lower the amount of absorbed moisture. However, a very interesting exception was pine sapwood, whose water absorption actually increased with heat-treatment after the three lowest heat-treatment temperatures compared to the reference material. Water absorption did not decrease until the heat-treatment temperature was 230 °C.     

钇-90微球放射栓塞治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的不良反应和并发症——钇-90微球放射栓塞系列回顾（五）

【摘要】 钇-90（90Y）微球放射栓塞是治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的一种手段,已被多个国际肿瘤学和其他专业组织纳入指南。90Y微球对肿瘤的杀伤作用主要来自其放射性,而不是缺血,因而与这一治疗相关的不良反应如乏力、恶心、呕吐,较为轻微但很常见。在较少的情况下,由于意外发生非靶器官栓塞,90Y微球治疗可引起严重的并发症。本文将详细介绍90Y微球治疗过程中可能出现的不良反应和各种并发症,对于这些不良反应与并发症的处理和治疗也作简单介绍。