Limit of validity of the moisture diffusivity for the study of moisture transfer inside terracotta

In order to know the limit of validity of the concept of hydrical diffusivity, D_W, we tried to validate the Boltzmann's method used to identify it. We show that for a medium strictly satisfying the equation of diffusion, the method gives quite good results with nevertheless some inaccuracies for the extreme values of water contents. For the real studied material, a backed clay, its identification becomes more difficult because of the dispersion of the wetting phenomenon observed for different specimens of the same material. We are showing that the mean behaviour of one sample is near to be the same as the more probable behaviour of all the samples. Otherwise the values of D_W determined for a wetting cannot be used to describe a drying process. It practical interest is then considerably reduced. In order to test the influence of the gas phase pressure effects on the behaviour of the material, we have determined all the parameters necessary to describe, numerically, wetting and drying processes without to resort to D_W. We noticed an overpressure of the gas phase inside the material due to drying. If the gas pressure effects are, numerically, switched off, we cannot notice any influence on water content profiles for this type of material.     

An integrated modelling environment for the embodiment of mechanical systems

The efficient, economical and often elegant transformation from a design schema to an embodied design solution containing real components is essential for the commercial success of a product. More often the ability of the designer to explore an optimum solution is severely frustrated by the analytically intensive and time-consuming aspects of embodying a concept. This paper presents a computer based system-modelling tool that is to be used by designers during the transformation of a concept to an embodied solution particularly to deal with standard components. This environment provides for the representation of conceptual schemas and subsequent embodiment from computer based component selection modules. These selection modules encompass the full range of electronic representations for standard mechanical components. The strategy for representing a mechanical system, its included components and their associated representations is discussed. The process of constructing a system model, specifying the desired performance characteristics and system resolution are also described.     

Coulomb functions for attractive and repulsive potentials and for positive and negative energies

The paper gives a review of the mathematical properties of the Coulomb radial wave functions, for attractive and repulsive potentials and for positive and negative energies, together with recommendations on best methods for their computation. It includes discussions of analytic continuations (complex energies, radial co-ordinates and angular momenta) and of relativistic Coulomb functions.     

Assessment of Shear Forces on Bridge Abutments: Simplified Method

The conventional application of reduction factors to response spectrum analysis results is inappropriate for the abutment shear forces, which are based on elastic action. On the other hand, adopting the unreduced values from the elastic dynamic analysis does not achieve equilibrium among the abutment shear forces, deck inertia forces, and reduced pier forces. A simplified method is here proposed for the assessment of the shear on the abutments, documented by comparison with response spectrum and time history nonlinear analyses for several bridge configurations. For the analyzed configuration of the bridge with an internal movement joint, the response spectrum analysis underestimates the shear on the abutment for low values of the abutment flexibility and overestimates it when the stiffness of the abutments becomes higher than that of the piers. In all the case studies analyzed, the proposed method approximates the time history results better than the response spectrum.     

Protective effects of green tea extracts (polyphenon E and EGCG) on human cervical lesions

We investigated clinical efficacy of green tea extracts (polyphenon E; poly E and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate [EGCG]) delivered in a form of ointment or capsule in patients with human papilloma virus (HPV) infected cervical lesions. Fifty-one patients with cervical lesions (chronic cervicitis, mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia) were divided into four groups, as compared with 39 untreated patients as a control. Poly E ointment was applied locally to 27 patients twice a week. For oral delivery, a 200 mg of poly E or EGCG capsule was taken orally every day for eight to 12 weeks. In the study, 20 out of 27 patients (74%) under poly E ointment therapy showed a response. Six out of eight patients under poly E ointment plus poly E capsule therapy (75%) showed a response, and three out of six patients (50%) under poly E capsule therapy showed a response. Six out of 10 patients (60%) under EGCG capsule therapy showed a response. Overall, a 69% response rate (35/51) was noted for treatment with green tea extracts, as compared with a 10% response rate (4/39) in untreated controls (P<0.05). Thus, the data collected here demonstrated that green tea extracts in a form of ointment and capsule are effective for treating cervical lesions, suggesting that green tea extracts can be a potential therapy regimen for patients with HPV infected cervical lesions.     

Probabilistic reliable dissemination in large-scale systems

The growth of the Internet raises new challenges for the design of distributed systems and applications. In the context of group communication protocols, gossip-based schemes have attracted interest as they are scalable, easy to deploy, and resilient to network and process failures. However, traditional gossip-based protocols have two major drawbacks: 1) they rely on each peer having knowledge of the global membership; and 2) being oblivious to the network topology, they can impose a high load on network links when applied to wide-area settings. In this paper, we provide a theoretical analysis of gossip-based protocols which relates their reliability to key system parameters (the system size, failure rates, and number of gossip targets). The results provide guidelines for the design of practical protocols. In particular, they show how reliability can be maintained while alleviating drawback by: 1) providing each peer with only a small subset of the total membership information and drawback; and 2) organizing members into a hierarchical structure that reflects their proximity according to some network-related metric. We validate the analytical results by simulations and verify that the hierarchical gossip protocol considerably reduces the load on the network compared to the original, non-hierarchical protocol.     

Comparison of two models for a high temperature reactor coupled to a gas turbine

This paper presents two independent dynamic models of a nuclear gas turbine power plant. Both the high temperature nuclear reactor (HTR) and its energy conversion system (ECS) based on a direct Brayton cycle have been modelled. One model utilises RELAP5 for the ECS, the other Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM). The reactor model used in both models is a point kinetic model derived from a detailed reactor model. The ECS model is described and compared componentwise, with an emphasis on the turbomachinery. The total plant models are compared with each other by calculating two representative transients: one load rejection transient and one transient with the system at part load.     

Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the left ventricle. Immediate and long-term results. Apropos of a consecutive series of 121 cases

From 1978 to 1992, 121 cases of postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm (99 males, 22 females, mean age 60 years) were operated on. The authors insist on a high rate of clinical arhythmogenicity (31.4%) and associated mechanical complications (21%). 76% of patients were in functional NYHA class III or IV. Resection was performed in 90% of patients, plication in 10%. 58% underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (1.7 graft/patient), 16% encircling ventriculotomy, 8% mitral valve replacement and 13% closure of ventricular septal defect. Operative mortality was 14.9% (10% when other mechanical complications where excluded). 5-year survival is 67.9%. Late cardiac deaths are as follow: left ventricular failure (1.8% A/P), Sudden death (1.4% A/P), Myocardial infarction (0.6% A/P). 82% of survivals are in functional NYHA class I or II. Only functional class NYHA III or IV is predictive of late death. We conclude that postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm remains a high risk complication especially when associated with other mechanical complications. When arhythmogenicity is present we suggest rhythmologic surgery and in all cases, complete revascularization.     

Reply to Comment on “Ewald summation technique for one-dimensional charge distributions”

We explain why the methods in Langridge, Hart and Crampin [Comput. Phys. Commun. 134 (2001) 78] suffice for the evaluation of the lattice sums entering the Madelung matrix describing multipole interactions in systems with one-dimensional translational periodicity.