铝合金连续-脉冲激光焊接工艺对比实验研究

为了研究5052铝合金激光焊接工艺,采用脉冲激光和连续激光分别对1.5mm厚的5052铝合金板进行了焊接,并对工艺参量进行了优化。通过对两种不同类型激光焊接试样的焊缝形貌的对比、微观组织的分析、抗拉强度和显微硬度测试,可知脉冲激光焊接对焊接接头气孔的控制更为理想,使得脉冲激光焊接所获得的焊接质量更加优异,与连续激光焊接相比,其接头的抗拉强度增加了10%。结果表明,脉冲激光焊接和连续激光焊接均可以使焊接试样得到较为理想的焊缝形貌和较高的抗拉强度。     

改进DTMF信号检测方案在定点DSP上的实现

讨论了硬件实现双音多频(DTMF)信号检测方案的弊端,比较了MUSIC算法、SB-NDFT算法、FF T算法和Goertzel算法,给出了以改进Goertzel算法为核心的DTMF信号检测的DSP实现方案和 实测结果。实验结果表明,该方案有较好的检出率和抗干扰能力。程序全部使用汇编语言实 现,提高了系统运行的实时性和功能冗余度。     

端面泵浦准三能级激光器的多物理场仿真研究

针对准三能级板条激光器报道了一种新的多物理场仿真模型。该模型基于泵浦光的吸收特性、热力学以及激光的增益特性,对传统的准三能级计算模型进行补充。模型考虑到激光的产生对增益介质内部物理场的影响,并基于多物理场之间的耦合关系给出一种新的收敛仿真方法。该模型适用于单端、双端泵浦的激光谐振腔与放大器。     

Dendrite‐Free Lithium Plating Induced by In Situ Transferring Protection Layer from Separator

Lithium (Li) metal anodes are regarded as a promising pathway to meet the rapidly growing requirements on high energy density cells, owing to their highest gravimetric capacity (3840 mAh g^?1) and their lowest redox potential. The application of Li metal anodes, however, is still hindered by undesired dendrites formation and endless consumption of liquid electrolyte due to a continuous reaction on interface of electrolyte/Li‐metal without a stable solid–electrolyte–interface (SEI) layer. A stable protection layer is formed on Li metal anode by in situ transferring the coating layer from polymer separator. The Li anode protection strategy is developed with an in situ formed protection layer transferred through the reduction of a coating layer on polymer separator. A PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ (PZT) coating layer on polypropylene (PP) separator is reduced by Li metal anode to produce a Pb metal containing composite layer, which could form Pb–Li alloy and adhere to the surface of Li metal anode after the reaction and improves the Li plating/stripping efficiency owing to the formation of a more homogenized electric field. Both the Li/Li symmetric cells and LiFePO₄/Li cells with this PZT precoated PP separators exhibit significantly improved Coulombic efficiency and cycling life.     

Synergistic Coassembly of Highly Wettable and Uniform Hole‐Extraction Monolayers for Scaling‐up Perovskite Solar Cells

All organic charge‐transporting layer (CTL)‐featured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit distinct advantages, but their scaling‐up remains a great challenge because the organic CTLs underneath the perovskite are too thin to achieve large‐area homogeneous layers by spin‐coating, and their hydrophobic nature further hinders the solution‐based fabrication of perovskite layer. Here, an unprecedented anchoring‐based coassembly (ACA) strategy is reported that involves a synergistic coadsorption of a hydrophilic ammonium salt CA‐Br with hole‐transporting triphenylamine derivatives to acquire scalable and wettable organic hole‐extraction monolayers for p–i–n structured PSCs. The ACA route not only enables ultrathin organic CTLs with high uniformity but also eliminates the nonwetting problem to facilitate large‐area perovskite films with 100% coverage. Moreover, incorporation of CA‐Br in the ACA strategy can distinctly guarantee a high quality of electronic connection via the cations' vacancy passivation. Consequently, a high power‐conversion‐efficiency (PCE) of 17.49% is achieved for p–i–n structured PSCs (1.02 cm²), and a module with an aperture area of 36 cm² shows PCE of 12.67%, one of the best scaling‐up results among all‐organic CTL‐based PSCs. This work demonstrates that the ACA strategy can be a promising route to large‐area uniform interfacial layers as well as scaling‐up of perovskite solar cells.     

Peroxidase‐Like Nanozymes Induce a Novel Form of Cell Death and Inhibit Tumor Growth In Vivo

Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme‐like properties, termed nanozymes, have attracted significant interest, although limited information is available on their biological characteristics in cells or in vivo. Here, it is shown that nanomaterials with peroxidase‐like activity trigger a novel form of cell death through an ATP‐citrate lyase (ACLY)‐dependent rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS) signaling mechanism. The peroxidase nanozyme‐induced cell lethality, which is termed as nanoptosis, is morphologically and biochemically distinct from the currently well‐defined apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. It is revealed that nanoptosis is typically characterized by the massive accumulation of cellular vesicles, swelling mitochondria, and distinct chromatin condensation and margination. Using RNA sequencing and protein quantitative mass spectrometry, an ACLY‐dependent RAS signaling pathway is identified that mainly mediates this nanozyme lethality process, and it is observed that RAS‐knockout cells are highly resistant to nanoptosis. Finally, it is demonstrated that this newly discovered nanozyme lethality can be used as an effective therapeutic strategy for inhibiting tumor growth in vivo.     

Gaining Insight into the Effect of Organic Interface Layer on Suppressing Ion Migration Induced Interfacial Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells

Ion migration induced interfacial degradation is a detrimental factor for the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and hence requires special attention to address this issue for the development of efficient PSCs with improved stability. Here, an “S‐shaped, hook‐like” organic small molecule, naphthalene diimide derivative (NDI‐BN), is employed as a cathode interface layer (CIL) to tailor the [6,6]‐phenylC61‐butyric acid methylester (PCBM)/Ag interface in inverted PSCs. By realizing enhanced electron extraction capability via the incorporation of NDI‐BN, a peak power conversion efficiency of 21.32% is achieved. Capacitance–voltage measurements and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed an obvious role of this new organic CIL in successfully blocking ionic diffusion pathways toward the Ag cathode, thereby preventing interfacial degradation and improving device stability. The molecular packing motif of NDI‐BN further unveils its densely packed structure with π–π stacking force which has the ability to effectually hinder ion migration. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal that intercalation of decomposed perovskite species into the NDI clusters is considerably more difficult compared with the PCBM counterparts. This substantial contrast between NDI‐BN and PCBM molecules in terms of their structures and packing fashion determines the different tendencies of ion migration and unveils the superior potential of NDI‐BN in curtailing interfacial degradation.     

Thermally Controlled,Active Imperceptible Artificial Skin in Visible‐to‐Infrared Range

Cephalopods’ extraordinary ability to hide into any background has inspired researchers to reproduce the intriguing ability to readily camouflage in the infrared (IR) and visible spectrum but this still remains as a conundrum. In this study, a multispectral imperceptible skin that enables human skin to actively blend into the background both in the IR‐visible integrated spectrum only by simple temperature control with a flexible bi‐functional device (active cooling and heating) is developed. The thermochromic layer on the outer surface of the device, which produces various colors based on device surface temperature, expands the cloaking range to the visible spectrum (thus visible‐to‐IR) and ultimately completes day‐and‐night stealth platform simply by controlling device temperature. In addition, the scalable pixelization of the device allows localized control of each autonomous pixel, enabling the artificial skin surface to adapt to the background of the sophisticated pattern with higher resolution and eventually heightening the level of imperceptibility. As this proof‐of‐concept can be directly worn and conceals the human skin in multispectral ranges, the work is expected to contribute to the development of next‐generation soft covert military wearables and perhaps a multispectral cloak that belongs to cephalopods or futuristic camouflage gadgets in the movies.     

巧用MAX706

美信公司（ＭＡＸＩＭ）的ＭＡＸ７０６是目前广泛应用、功能完善的微处理器监控电路。本文总结了一些该芯片在实用中的经验。