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81.
Various synchronization algorithms have been introduced in literature during the last decades to deal with the firing squad synchronization problem on cellular automata (CA). Among others defective CA algorithms, where the CA cell is able to transmit information without previous processing, have been also presented. In our case, originating from the classical Mazoyer’s paper, where a minimum-time solution is presented with 6 states, a one-dimensional CA where one cell may permanently fail is presented. In the proposed algorithm, the defective cell can neither process nor transmit information any longer, while it is considered that such dynamic defects may become apparent in any time step of computation. A thorough analysis of the synchronization, in terms of location and time at which cell fails, for the cells found in both sides of defective cell is delivered to decipher the corresponding maximal possible number of synchronized cells in each part of the cut, due to defect, CA array. The proposed algorithm is properly extended to consider more than one defective cells that may occur in the under study one-dimensional CA. Based on the aforementioned analysis, we provide the generalization of synchronization with multiple totally defective cells, while application examples of the generalized CA algorithm in case of two defective cells are also presented. Finally, another intriguing aspect refers to handling of states that could be tentatively characterized as unknown, in a confrontation similar to the previous defective state but also different, since now this(these) cell(s) are not stated as faulty but unknown. As a result, a new one-dimensional CA with less states, compared to the previous CA defective algorithms, able to synchronize the maximal possible number of cells in each part occurs. 相似文献
82.
Ch. K. Rasulov A. H. Azizov R. K. Azimova E. M. Abdullaev S. I. Abasov 《Petroleum Chemistry》2012,52(5):352-355
Results of examining the reaction of phenol with diprene, dipentene, and the isoprene cyclodimer fraction using orthophosphoric acid-impregnated zeolite Y as a catalyst in a continuous processing unit are presented. Optimal conditions for the synthesis of p-cycloalkylphenols have been found. It has been shown that under the optimal conditions, the yield of target p-cycloalkylphenols is 72.3?C75.6% and the selectivity is 91.6?C95.7%. 相似文献
83.
Th. Bartsch D. Sonnenberg Ch. Strelow Ch. Heyn W. Hansen 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2014,43(6):1972-1975
We studied the electrical transport through epitaxial, 8 nm long and about 100 nm diameter, GaAs pillars. They are fabricated with molecular beam epitaxy using a self-assembling method called local droplet etching. The nanopillars are embedded in an AlGaAs tunneling barrier between two epitaxial GaAs layers. Because of the epitaxial growth, the pillars are connected to these GaAs layers without additional interfaces. They thus can be considered as electronic point contacts between three-dimensional electron reservoirs. Voltage-current characteristics of the structures feature a characteristic asymmetry that is not observed in reference samples. Furthermore, the behavior of the resistance in magnetic fields applied parallel and perpendicular to the current direction is compared for samples with and without pillars. Clear differences are found that are associated with current-carrying states in the pillars. 相似文献
84.
A. N. Nateprov V. Ch. Kravtsov V. Moshnyaga S. Schorr 《Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry》2012,48(4):375-379
The crystal structure of YbCuZnSb2 has been determined for the first time by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It is shown that YbCuZnSb2 has a CaAl2Si2-type structure, space group is P-3m1, with the following unit cell parameters: a = 4.4394(1) and c = 7.4139(3) Å. Magnetic susceptibility measurements performed in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K show that ytterbium ions are found in a nonmagnetic 4f 14 ground state (Yb2+). YbCuZnSb2 exhibits p-type conductivity. The temperature dependence of the resistivity has a metallic character. The variations in the Cu/Zn ratio in the synthesized material occur without any disturbance of the structural type. This fact may confirm the existence of a solid solution between the YbZn2Sb2 and YbCuZnSb2 compounds. 相似文献
85.
Jorge R. Chávez Fuentes Oscar R. González W. Steven Gray 《International journal of control》2018,91(6):1460-1472
This paper presents a symmetric Kronecker product analysis of independent and identically distributed jump linear systems to develop new, lower dimensional equations for the stability and performance analysis of this type of systems than what is currently available. In addition, new closed form expressions characterising multi-parameter relative sensitivity functions for performance metrics are introduced. The analysis technique is illustrated with a distributed fault-tolerant flight control example where the communication links are allowed to fail randomly. 相似文献
86.
87.
Khamdokhov Z. M. Margushev Z. Ch. Khamdokhov E. Z. Teshev R. Sh. Bavizhev M. D. 《Semiconductors》2019,53(15):2037-2039
Semiconductors - The existing methods of fabricating low-field cathodes do not permit the development of device structures that comply with the requirements of developers of systems. In this work,... 相似文献
88.
V. Srinivas Ch. Kodanda Rama Rao N. Mohan Rao 《Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces》2018,12(2):107-114
This paper studies the effect of surface modification of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prior to dispersion in engine oil to improve the tribological properties. The MWCNTs are stabilised in the lubricant with two different surfactants cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) and sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80) and the effect of surfactants on the tribological properties has been studied. Pristine and surface modified MWCNTs in weight per cent range of 0·5% are dispersed in CI4 plus diesel engine oil. The foaming tendency and other physico-chemical properties of test lubricant have been studied to investigate the effect of nano materials and surfactants. The anti-wear and anti-friction properties are tested on a four ball wear tester and the comparison is made to assess the relative performance of pristine MWCNTs over surface modified MWCNTs. A strong influence of the surface modification technique is found on lubricating and physico-chemical properties. Both CTAB and SPAN 80 could keep the MWCNTs stable in the lubricant without compromising the foaming tendency of lubricant and other physico-chemical properties. The friction and wear characteristics of lubricants have improved with the dispersion of surface modified MWCNTs while there is no improvement in the properties of lubricant dispersed with pristine MWCNTs. 相似文献
89.
90.
J. Engels A. Houben P. Hansen M. Rasinski Ch. Linsmeier 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(51):22976-22985
Steel components are required in the infrastructure and the facilities of the hydrogen economy. The high hydrogen pressures in the hydrogen economy lead to embrittlement and surface corrosion of the steels. For the functionality of the facilities it is necessary to suppress the embrittlement and the surface corrosion of the steels by protective layers, e.g. ceramic thin films. With regard to fusion power plants ceramic thin films on the structural steel materials are also required. These thin films work as a tritium permeation barrier that is necessary to prevent the loss of the radioactive fuel inventory. Oxide thin films, e.g. Al2O3, Er2O3, and Y2O3, are promising candidates as tritium permeation barrier layers. In terms of the application in the first wall, this is especially true for yttrium due to its favorably short decay time after neutron activation compared to the other candidates. The Y2O3 layers with thicknesses of 0.5 μm–1 μm are deposited on both substrate sides by RF magnetron sputter deposition. Since the microstructure of the barrier layer plays an important role for the permeation reduction, layers with three different magnetron process modes and thus three different microstructures are prepared. After annealing the cubic crystal structure of all thin films is verified by X-ray diffraction and the different microstructures are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The Y2O3 stoichiometry of all thin films and a chromium oxide material segregation at the interface are verified by analysis methods such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The permeation reduction factors of all thin films are determined in gas-driven deuterium permeation experiments. Corresponding to the three different microstructures, reduction factors of 25, 45, and 1100 are identified. Thus, the permeation reduction is strongly dependent on the Y2O3 microstructure. The measurement results suggest that a high density of grain boundaries leads to a high hydrogen permeation. 相似文献