Electrical properties of light oils

Conclusions No clear-cut relationship has been established between dielectric constant () and octane number or aromatic content of gasolines, but a relationship has been established between dielectric constant and density of gasolines and other products that were investigated. The dielectric constant can be used as a measure of the density of gasolines and other products with an error of 0.005 absolute density unit, i.e., with an accuracy that is one order of magnitude poorer than that obtained when determining density by the pycnometric method.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 51–53, March, 1968.     

Density and surface tension of molten alkali halides and their binary mxitures

The density and surface tension of molten alkali halides and their binary mixtures with common anions and cations are measured as a function of temperature and ionic composition. The equations are derived for their temperature dependences, with experimental error being given on a confidence level 0.95. The molar volume of the mixtures is found to deviate from additive quantities towards greater values, the deviation growing as the difference in the size of ions replacing each other increases. The relations of surface tension to molar volume of molten alkali halides were obtained. Their molar excess free surface energy, enthalpy and entropy in the surface monolayer are estimated from epxerimental data. The surface adsorption of ions in the mixtures is evaluated. It is shown to be governed by the difference in the size of ions substituting each other.     

Synthesis of new carbon-nitrogen nanoclusters by annealing diamond-like carbon films in nitrogen

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were prepared by ion-beam sputtering of a graphite target and annealed at a temperature of 400°C in vacuum and nitrogen with oxygen admixture (about 1–2%). The Raman and optical absorption spectra of these films were studied. Anomalous changes in the DLC films annealed in nitrogen were detected. The optical absorptance of films in the visible range of the spectrum decreased by approximately two orders of magnitude; the D and G lines of graphene nanoclusters disappeared in the Raman spectra, while new narrow lines at 928, 968, and 2324 cm^?1, as well as a broad line at 2200–2400 cm^?1, arose. These changes were found to be reversible. Subsequent annealing of the films in vacuum (400°C) restored the optical properties and Raman spectra of the samples. The results obtained are indicative of the formation of new carbon-nitrogen nanoclusters under certain conditions of annealing of a DLC film.