Level Set Equations on Surfaces via the Closest Point Method

Level set methods have been used in a great number of applications in ?² and ?³ and it is natural to consider extending some of these methods to problems defined on surfaces embedded in ?³ or higher dimensions. In this paper we consider the treatment of level set equations on surfaces via a recent technique for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on surfaces, the Closest Point Method (Ruuth and Merriman, J. Comput. Phys. 227(3):1943–1961, [2008]). Our main modification is to introduce a Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) interpolation step into the Closest Point Method. This, in combination with standard WENO for Hamilton–Jacobi equations, gives high-order results (up to fifth-order) on a variety of smooth test problems including passive transport, normal flow and redistancing. The algorithms we propose are straightforward modifications of standard codes, are carried out in the embedding space in a well-defined band around the surface and retain the robustness of the level set method with respect to the self-intersection of interfaces. Numerous examples are provided to illustrate the flexibility of the method with respect to geometry.     

Perceptual image preview

Image preview is a convenient way to browse large or multiple images on small displays. However, current signal-level image resampling algorithms may remove many features of interest in the preview image. In this paper, we propose perceptual image preview which retains more perceptual features such that users can inspect features of interest by viewing the preview image only and without zooming in. This technology has two components, structure enhancement and perceptual feature visualization. Structure enhancement enhances the image structure while suppressing subtle details using a gradient modulation method, thus making the succedent perceptual features more apparent. For perceptual feature visualization, features of interest detected in the picture is visualized on the structure enhanced preview image. We demonstrate with two examples of most commonly used image quality features, image blur and noise. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by experimental results.     

安徽省地震会商系统软件界面设计研究

基于ARCGis9.2的安徽省地震会商系统不仅需要强大的技术功能,还需要友好和一目了然的界面,这样不仅让会商报告者思路清晰,也能使会商观众更加清晰了解地震预报会商内容,从而为决策者更好应对不同地点和不同大小的地震发生可能性做出科学的决策;引入flash8作为软件系统的界面,用flash调用各个模块,无论从界面和功能上都较好的解决了这一问题。     

基于经济的网格资源调度算法研究

网格使构建虚拟组织,在全世界范围内共享资源成为现实.但是,在网格环境下的资源管理和调度是一项相当复杂的工作,这主要是由于资源分布在世界各地,隶属于不同的组织,各个资源拥有者都有不同的使用和访问策略、开销模型、不断变化的负载和可用性.为了满足网格计算环境中资源调度的复杂需要,可以将现实世界中的经济原理和模型应用到网格环境下的任务调度中,并据此提出了几种经济资源调度算法.     

Analysis of dithiocarbamate fungicides. Second-derivative UV-spectroscopic determination of CS2, COS, and thiram (TMTD)

The application of second-derivative UV-spectroscopy offers a highly sensitive and selective method for the determination of CS₂ and COS, as acid hydrolysis products of dithiocarbamate und thiuram disulphide fungicides, using a methanolic amine absorption reagent (ethylenediamine, piperidine). With standard concentrations of 0.08–1.1 g CS₂/ml and 0.3 to 2.0 g COS/ml, respectively, calibration curves with good correlation coefficients (r>0.999) were obtained. In comparison to the official method of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG method S15) the proposed alternative is at least 100 times more sensitive to CS₂. Using the second derivative method it is possible not only to clearly differentiate between CS₂ and COS but also to quantify both gases without resorting to tedious background corrections as compared to the direct photometric methods. Additionally, second derivative spectroscopy allows the direct determination of thiram in the concentration range 1–10 g/ml after its extraction with chloroform. For example, thiram in water (10 g/l) and in thiram/talc standards (10 mg/g) were determined with good precision (±2.0%).

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Analytik der Dithiocarbamat-Fungicide. Bestimmung von CS₂, COS sowie Thiram (TMTD) mittels Derivativ-UV-Spektroskopie

Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung der Derivativ-UV-Spektroskopie (2. Ableitung) erlaubt eine sehr empfindliche Bestimmung von CS₂ und COS als Hydrolyseprodukte der Dithiocarbamat- und Thiuramdisulfid-Fungicide nach Absorption in einem methanolischem Amin-Reagens (Ethylendiamin, Piperidin). Mit Standard-Konzentrationen von 0,08–1,1 g CS₂/ml bzw. 0,3–2,0 g COS/ml zeigten die Eichgeraden gute Korrelationskoeffizienten (r<0,999). Im Vergleich zur DFG-Methode S15 zeichnet sich die vorgeschlagene Alternative durch eine um zwei Zehnerpotenzen höhere Empfindlichkeit bei der CS₂-Bestimmung aus. In der 2. Ableitung wird nicht nur die Unterscheidung von COS und CS₂ eindeutig, sondern auch deren Quantifizierung ohne rechnerische Untergrundkorrekturen ermöglicht. Mit Hilfe der Derivativspektroskopie konnte außerdem Thiram (TMTD) in Konzentrationen von 1–10 g/ml direkt erfaßt werden. So ließen sich nach Extraktion mit Chloroform 10 g/L Thiram in Wasser mit einer Präzision von ±2,0% direkt bestimmen oder Thiram/Talkum-Standards (10 mg/g) überprüfen.

     

Two-dimensional Kerr-Fourier imaging of translucent phantoms in thick turbid media

Translucent scattering phantoms hidden inside a 5.5-cm-thick Intralipid solution were imaged as a function of phantom scattering coefficients by the use of a picosecond time- and space-gated Kerr-Fourier imaging system. A 2-mm-thick translucent phantom with a 0.1% concentration (scattering coefficient) difference from the 55-mm-thick surrounding scattering host can be distinguished at a signal level of ~10(-10) of the incidence illumination intensity.     

Analysis of light propagation characteristic in the aero-optic flow field of cone-headed vehicle with side window

Aero-optic imaging deviation research is carried out for infrared-guided vehicle with cone-head side window, with a focus on the propagation characteristics of light in an aero-optic flow field. When the light entering the aero-optic flow field from the free-stream should be close to the normal, numerous data indicate that the light is refracted away from the normal. This paper divides the aero-optic flow field into two parts and uses the gas density distribution in the aero-optic flow field to ...     

2D Bi2O2Te Semiconductor with Single-Crystal Native Oxide Layer

Following logic in the silicon semiconductor industry, the existence of native oxide and suitable fabrication technology is essential for 2D semiconductors in planar integronics, which are surface-sensitive to typical coating technologies. To date, very few types of integronics are found to possess this feature. Herein, the 2D Bi₂O₂Te developed recently is reported to possess large-area synthesis and controllable thermal oxidation behavior toward single-crystal native oxides. This shows that surface-adsorbed oxygen atoms are inclined to penetrate across [Bi₂O₂]_n²ⁿ⁺ layers and bond with the underlying [Te]_n²ⁿ⁻ at elevated temperatures, transforming directly into [TeO₄]_n²ⁿ⁻ with the basic architecture remaining stable. The oxide can be adjusted to form in an accurate layer-by-layer manner with a low-stress sharp interface. The native oxide Bi₂TeO₆ layer (bandgap of ≈2.9 eV) exhibits visible-light transparency and is compatible with wet-chemical selective etching technology. These advances demonstrate the potential of Bi₂O₂Te in planar-integrated functional nanoelectronics such as tunnel junction devices, field-effect transistors, and memristors.     

Voltage Decay of Li-Rich Layered Oxides: Mechanism,Modification Strategies,and Perspectives

Li-rich layered oxides (LLOs) have been considered as the most promising cathode materials for achieving high energy density Li-ion batteries. However, they suffer from continuous voltage decay during cycling, which seriously shortens the lifespan of the battery in practical applications. This review comprehensively elaborates and summarizes the state-of-the-art of the research in this field. It is started from the proposed mechanism of voltage decay that refers to the phase transition, microscopic defects, and oxygen redox or release. Furthermore, several strategies to mitigate the voltage decay of LLOs from different scales, such as surface modification, elemental doping, regulation of components, control of defect, and morphology design are summarized. Finally, a systematic outlook on the real root of voltage decay is provided, and more importantly, a potential solution to voltage recovery from electrochemistry. Based on this progress, some effective strategies with multiple scales will be feasible to create the conditions for their commercialization in the future.     

Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles Sensitize Glioblastoma to Radiation by Suppressing Proneural–Mesenchymal Transformation in Glioma Stem Cells

Radiotherapy is identified as a crucial treatment for patients with glioblastoma, but recurrence is inevitable. The efficacy of radiotherapy is severely hampered partially due to the tumor evolution. Growing evidence suggests that proneural glioma stem cells can acquire mesenchymal features coupled with increased radioresistance. Thus, a better understanding of mechanisms underlying tumor subclonal evolution may develop new strategies. Herein, data highlighting a positive correlation between the accumulation of macrophage in the glioblastoma microenvironment after irradiation and mesenchymal transdifferentiation in glioblastoma are presented. Mechanistically, elevated production of inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages promotes mesenchymal transition in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Hence, rationally designed macrophage membrane-coated porous mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMNs) in which therapeutic anti-NF-κB peptides are loaded for enhancing radiotherapy of glioblastoma are constructed. The combination of MMNs and fractionated irradiation results in the blockage of tumor evolution and therapy resistance in glioblastoma-bearing mice. Intriguingly, the macrophage invasion across the blood-brain barrier is inhibited competitively by MMNs, suggesting that these nanoparticles can fundamentally halt the evolution of radioresistant clones. Taken together, the biomimetic MMNs represent a promising strategy that prevents mesenchymal transition and improves therapeutic response to irradiation as well as overall survival in patients with glioblastoma.