Internal fluid motion and particle transport in externally heated sessile droplets

Experiments and numerical simulations were carried out for an evaporating sessile droplet. The droplet was confined in the narrow gap between two glass plates, making it a “Hele‐Shaw” droplet and particle image velocimetry technique was used. In case of the evaporating droplet with pinned contact line and exposed to ambient condition, two symmetric but counterrotating convection cells were observed. After complete evaporation, the particles deposited on the substrate near the contact line. The direction of the flow was reversed for a droplet placed on uniformly heated substrate, and the final deposition pattern was a large spot at the center with a thin line at the periphery. For asymmetrically heated substrate a single convection cell appeared, and the final deposition was also asymmetric. When the liquid was subjected to localized heating, the contact line no longer remains pinned and a relatively uniform deposition was obtained after complete drying. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1308–1321, 2016     

Surface functionalized carbon microspheres for the recovery of copper ion from refinery wastewater

Micro-sized carbon spheres (CNS) were synthesized by hydrothermal process from glucose solution at 443.15 K and two different reaction times. The synthesized CNS samples were surface functionalized with hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups using NaOH treatment, and were tested in batch adsorption to remove heavy metal ion (Cu²⁺) from aqueous solutions. Experimental results revealed that CNS contains mostly amorphous carbon. NaOH functionalized CNS had significantly higher adsorption capacity of copper ～170×10^?3 Kg Cu²⁺/Kg-CNS as compared to the untreated CNS. The adsorption isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm equation. The surface morphology of the native and functionalized CNS samples was characterized by a number of techniques and based on which the adsorption of copper ion was discussed.     

An Optimized Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - Clustering is a promising solution to enhance lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Fuzzy logic is being used to address uncertainties in cluster head selection....     

Wave interaction with a perforated circular breakwater of non-uniform porosity

Wave interaction with a porous cylindrical breakwater is studied analytically by linear potential wave theory. The breakwater is assumed to have a thin skin, is bottom-mounted and surface-piercing. The porosity of the breakwater is uniform vertically but varies in the circumferencial direction. This allows the choice of a partially impermeable wall or a vertical slot in the breakwater. Three different basic configurations of the breakwater are investigated, namely, (1) uniformly porous cylinder; (2) porous cylinder with partial impermeable wall; and (3) porous cylinder with an opening. The performance of these types of breakwaters is studied vs. wave parameters and breakwater configurations including angle and position of opening or partial impermeable wall as well as porosity. Parametric studies with regard to the wave-amplification factor, wave forces, and elevation contours are made. The results should be found useful in the design of coastal and offshore structures.     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE BLADE COOLING EFFECT GENERATED BY MULTIPLE JETS ISSUING AT AN ANGLE INTO AN INCOMPRESSIBLE HORIZONTAL CROSSFLOW

The thermal effect of cool jets issuing into an incompressible hot crossflow at an angle over a turbine blade is the subject. Numerical solutions for 12 multiple flow arrangements with two flow ratios, two different hole spacings, and four different jet issuing angles document strong to moderate secondary vortex structures spanning normal to the direction of the jet. This fully three-dimensional flowfield strongly influences the cooling performance of the hole-blade system. For a generalized body-fitted three-dimensional finite volume model, computational results suggest an optimum hole spacing and low issuing angle for maximum cooling efficiency.     

Current Perspectives of Solubilization: Potential for Improved Bioavailability

This review focuses on the recent techniques of solubilization for the attainment of effective absorption and improved bioavailability. Solubilization may be affected due to cosolvent water interaction or altered crystal structure by cosolvent addition. Micellar solubilization could be affected by both ionic strength and pH. Addition of cosolvents to the surfactant solutions offers only a small advantage because of the decrease in the solublization capacity of the micelles. Polymorphism is known to influence dissolution and bioavailability of the drugs. Molecular modeling study of cyclodextrin inclusion complexations can predict the inclusion modes, stoichiometry of the complex, and the relative complexing efficiency of cyclodextrins with various drug molecules.     

Near white light emission from K+ ion compensated CaSO4:Dy3+,Eu3+ phosphors

Dy³⁺:Eu³⁺ doped calcium sulfate (CaSO₄:Dy³⁺,Eu³⁺) phosphors co-doped with various K⁺ compensator concentrations were synthesized by recrystallization method. These orthorhombic phased phosphors showed intense multi-color near white light. The multi-color aspect ratios and the emission life times were strongly dependent on K⁺-concentration. These results suggest that the rare-earth (Re³⁺) ions are situated at the sites of Ca²⁺ and the site occupancy was being compensated by K⁺ ions. The near white light emission and large lifetimes suggest that present phosphor could be potentially applied as a blue excited white light-emitting phosphor for light emitting diodes.     

Fabrication and Microstructure of Micro and Nano Silicon Carbide Reinforced Copper Metal Matrix Composites/Nanocomposites

Silicon - This study investigates the influence of micro and nano silicon carbide on properties of copper matrix composites/nanocomposites containing up to 4 wt% of reinforcement...     

A Modified Approach to the Reeling of Tropical Tasar Silk with Adhesives

Fire statistics show that the US has one of the worst fire loss records in the world. Various fire studies since the early 1970s have shown that more than 40% of US fire deaths can be attributed to the initial ignition of mattresses or upholstered furniture. The following review summarizes some of the more prominent activities in the development of flammability tests methods and standards for furnishings and related textile products. Success in complying with modern fire tests for furnishings has been aided by the rapid emergence of new fire resistant materials such as fire blocking layers. Although many of the currently available fire blockers have been developed in the past 6–8 years, the modern history of fire blockers goes back some 25 years. This paper provides a brief summary of some of the more important developments in protective fire blockers.     

Fractionation and Some Chemical Studies on Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Seed Protein

The unavailability of protein foods, particularly in the context of population growth, has been an important factor in the protein malnutrition encountered in developing countries. The fractionation, gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of Ailanthus excelsa seed (a nontraditional source containing 15.81% protein) proteins were carried out in the present study, and their solubility profiles, surface topographies and amino acid compositions were evaluated. The globulin fraction dominated the seed protein composition, accounting for 51.31% (w/w) of the total soluble proteins in the seeds. Protein isolate and protein fractions of A. excelsa seeds showed similar topographical structures to those of other plant seed proteins. Analysis of the isolated proteins identified 17 amino acids, of which nine were essential. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 revealed the presence of seven components. PAGE detected different polypeptide bands in the range of 28.8−154.9 kDa in the protein isolate as well as in protein fractions for A. excelsa. The amino acid compositions, the solubility patterns and the high abundances of low molecular weight proteins indicate that the isolated seed protein of A. excelsa may be a potential food protein.