一种重力势能驱动小车的设计与实现

结合大学生工程训练综合能力竞赛要求,开发了一种以重力势能驱动的具有方向控制功能的自行小车。该小车能按"S"轨迹自动行走并依次绕过赛道上设置的等间距障碍物,还能通过简单调节结构参数,适应障碍物的间距变化。通过对小车的机械系统进行精心设计和详细分析,从小车结构、装配以及调试等方面探讨了如何提高小车的运行精度以及稳定性等问题。实验结果表明:小车结构简单、运行平稳、轨迹准确,可较好地实现"S"轨迹自行越障功能,对此类小车的设计和工作性能提高有一定的参考价值。     

一种面向网络入侵检测系统的多媒体链表结构

为了解决网络入侵检测系统在流量较大的情况下出现很高的丢包率的问题,设计出一种多媒体链表结构.该链表结构在传统链表基础上,通过增设多媒体类型结点将链表分解.能够对网络流量中已识别的各类多媒体数据快速处理,并对其进行预先检测,使安全的多媒体数据包越过网络入侵检测系统的常规检测过程.通过实验,在网络入侵检测系统中使用多媒体链表后,丢包率降低18%以上,对多媒体数据包的检测率有不同程度的提高.实验结果表明:使用多媒体规则链表可有效降低网络入侵检测系统的丢包率.     

偏载下板柱结构中柱节点破坏试验研究

采用重剪比以及配筋率两个试验变量对4个板柱中节点的破坏过程进行了对比试验,并在试验过程中采用特制应变测杆对试件内部斜裂缝的形成和发展予以监测。试验结果表明：试件最终破坏形态受重剪比和配筋率两因素共同影响;重剪比相同的试件,配筋率的提高也可有效提高中柱节点对不平衡弯矩的承载力;板内斜裂缝在节点发生冲切破坏之前已产生,并从靠近柱头的受压区向板底受拉区开展。基于试验结果和历史试验数据,将中国规范GB 50010—2010所采用的基于偏心剪应力模型的计算方法和欧洲规范Eurocode2-04进行对比,分析了偏心剪应力模型不足的原因。     

竖向荷载下弹性支承直墙拱反弯点理论分析

在工程实践中,直墙拱应用较多。由于拱脚位移的存在,合理假设拱脚约束为转角约束、竖向约束和水平弹性约束,应用力法推导出了在弯矩、剪力和轴力共同作用下直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩公式。研究了竖向均布荷载、竖向三角形荷载和竖向集中力荷载作用下,直墙拱沿弧长的弯矩分布及反弯点形成的规律;发现在3种荷载作用下,使得拱脚弯矩为零时的圆心角依次减小。取弹簧支座刚度为等效的下端固支、上端允许水平位移的直墙的抗推刚度,得出了随着直墙高度增加,圆弧拱拱顶弯矩增大而拱脚弯矩减小的变化规律。在直墙拱的设计中,建议选取合适的直墙高度和使得圆弧拱拱脚弯矩为零的圆心角大小,从而有利于提高结构抗弯承载力及拱脚抗剪承载力。     

Refinement mechanism of in-situ Al4C3 particles on AZ91 magnesium alloys

The effects of SrCO3 on the microstructure of AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated by OM, SEM, EDS, XRD and DTA analyses. The results show that AZ91 magnesium alloy with 1.0% SrCO3 addition has the best refining effect at 730 ℃ for 20 min, the average size of the α-Mg grain in AZ91 matrix alloy is reduced from about 91 μm to 58 μm, with reduction of about 36%. Based on the analysis results of EDS, binding energy, and Gibbs free energy, it is evident that the grain is refined because of the generation of A14 C3 particles which can be used as the crystal nucleus of the magnesium alloy when SrCO 3 is added. Owing to the generation of A14C3 in AZ91 magnesium alloy, the grain boundary is pined and the grain growth is inhibited. In the accession to the Al4C3, small subcooling temperature difference leads to the formation of fine grain microstructure in alloy melt. Fine grain microstructure in AZ91 alloy melt with the addition of SrCO3 can be obtained on the condition of lower undercooling temperature according to the DTA analysis results.     

Hot deformation behavior of low carbon steel during compression at elevated temperature

Hot compression tests of low carbon steel were carried out on Gleeble-3500 system in the temperature range from 750 to 900 ℃ and in the strain rate range from 0.001 to 1.0 s-1, and the associated microstructural evolution was studied by observations with a metallographic microscope. The results show that the stress-strain curves exhibit a peak stress at critical strain, after which the fl ow stresses decrease monotonically until reaching high strains, showing a dynamic fl ow softening. The peak stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, which can be represented by the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z in the hyperbolic sine equation. The fl ow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing deforming temperature. The fl ow stress can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function and can also be described by a Zener–Hollomon parameter Z. With increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, the grain size as well as the volume fraction of the recrystallized grains increase. The safe region for hot working of the alloy has been determined according to the processing map and microstructure at the true strain of 0.5, which is the deformation temperature of 840-940 ℃ and the strain rate of 0.001-1.0 s-1.     

适用于移动手持终端的宽带PIFA设计(GSM850-WiMAX)

该文展示了一种应用于移动通信的新型的双端短路点平面倒F天线,该天线可实现多频且宽带工作。天线主要由主辐射带状天线、寄生天线和开槽地板构成。为了拓展在DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE 2300/2500频段上的带宽,该天线采用了双短路点设计,该设计在1707~2815 MHz频段上实现多模工作。同时,由于充分利用寄生天线的高次谐振模,实现了对3387~3627 MHz的覆盖。经过加工测试,该天线在GSM/DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE/802.11b/Wi-MAX频段上均展现了很好的阻抗匹配特性,并均能获得高于50%的辐射效率。     

β钛合金微弧氧化膜制备及其在人体模拟液中腐蚀性能研究

采用微弧氧化技术在TiNbZrFe合金表面制备出含钙磷成分的多孔氧化膜,通过人体模拟液浸泡的方法诱导生成羟基磷灰石,并利用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究其在人体模拟液中浸泡不同时间后的耐腐蚀性能．结果表明,经400V电压微弧氧化后TiNbZrFe合金表面氧化膜的形貌与成分达到最优化,且明显有α-Ca3（PO4）2 相生成;α-Ca3（PO4）2 相能够起到良好的诱导生成羟基磷灰石（HA）的作用,在人体模拟液中浸泡1d后,通过XRD检测出有HA相生成,导致微弧氧化膜层表面的微孔被诱导生成物覆盖填充明显,较小微孔完全消失;随着浸泡时间的延长,经过微弧氧化膜诱导生成的HA涂层不断增厚,EIS结果表明其具有良好的隔绝渗透作用,能够阻碍腐蚀性介质在溶液和金属界面之间扩散和迁移,从而起到保护基体抗腐蚀的作用．     

Research on the Limit Value of Shape Coefficient of Rural Residences in Severe Cold Regions

Shape coefficient is a significant factor accounting for building energy consumption. In order to decrease the building energy consumption of rural residence in severe cold regions, this paper from the perspective of regulating the shape coefficient limit value, applies the field survey method to statistic and analyze the shape, width and depth of rural residence in severe cold regions and concludes the distribution characteristics and scope of building area. On this basis, though calculating and analyzing the relations between shape coefficient and length-width ratio under different building areas, meanwhile comprehensive considering the building function, farmers’ living mode and requirements etc, it put forward that the shape coefficient of rural residence in severe cold regions should below 0.8. It has important significance for guiding the rural energy-saving house design and construction of severe cold regions.     

Study of Sound Environment Influenced by the Crowd in Waiting Areas in General Hospitals

In this study, the crowd has been investigated and analyzed in waiting areas in large general hospitals in China in order to find the rules the variations of sound environment with the change of crowd. The field investigation, questionnaire, field-testing and computer simulation have been adopted. The results show that: the social/demographic characteristics of staff and patients are not significantly related to the satisfaction evaluation of sound environment; there is a significant correlation between the population density and LAeq of the background noise in waiting areas; when population density is 0, the LAeq of background noise is not 0 in waiting areas; the loudspeaker should be set in the waiting areas. Loudspeaker arrangements should be integrated into the ceiling lamp or construct facilities along the depth direction of the layout, and the two adjacent speakers recommended distance should be controlled at about 4 m. If the population density is controlled in the reasonable range, and sound absorption, noise reduction processing and electronic queuing system are adopted, sound environment of waiting areas will be built with noise interference relatively small in different population densities.