考虑灌水均匀性及年费用的不规则微灌单元管网优化布置

为了评估不规则微灌单元毛管单/双向布置时出水桩位置、单元控制面积和单元形状参数对单元水力性能和年费用的影响,利用Matlab和EPANET软件构建了微灌水力设计及评价模型HAPIS(Hydraulic Analysis of Pressurized Irrigation System)。以直角三角形的不规则微灌单元为例,集成水力性能和年费用计算的评估结果表明,毛管单/双向布置模式下,通过出水桩位置优化可使微灌单元流量偏差率分别降低29%和7%,毛管双向布置可有效降低灌水均匀性对出水桩位置的敏感性。出水桩布置在长毛管分布区域有助于降低灌溉年费用。支管直径一定时,随微灌单元控制面积增加,微灌单元流量偏差率和年费用分别呈明显升高和降低趋势。支管公称外径40～63 mm时采用毛管单向布置,支管公称外径≥75 mm时采用毛管双向布置,是提高单元控制面积的有效方法。不规则单元中不宜使用过大直径支管(如公称外径90 mm),以避免支管单价较高造成的灌溉单元年费用明显升高。相同控制面积下,毛管双向布置可降低直角三角形单元底角变化对灌水均匀性的影响,灌水均匀性高于毛管单向布置。基于构建的HAPIS模型可...     

Effect of the Three Gorges Reservoir on vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration and estimation accuracy of depth-average concentration in downstream reaches

The sediment regime in the middle Yangtze River has been significantly changed from quasi-equilibrium to nonequilibrium since the impoundment of the Three Georges Reservoir (TGR). To understand the effects of the TGR on vertical distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and estimation accuracy of mean concentration, vertical sediment concentration and flow velocity data at the Shashi and Jianli hydrological stations in the reach before and after the impoundment were collected. Comparisons and analysis of vertical profiles of SSC before and after the TGR impoundment show that after the impoundment of the TGR, due to the coarsening of sediment particle size, the reduction in sediment load, and the significant decrease in sediment saturation, the vertical distribution of SSC in the downstream reaches became more uneven under medium and low water flows, which was reflected in the vertical gradient and the fluctuation degree of SSC significantly increased. In addition, the depth-average sediment concentrations were calculated by the selected-point method and the mean values calculated by the “multi-point method” were regarded as the “true mean” to evaluate the accuracy of the mean value calculated by the “few-point method.” It was found that the relative errors for the selected-point method were mainly positive before impoundment but mainly negative after impoundment. Additionally, the correction factors of one-point, two-point, and three-point methods and the position of the near-bed substituted point for the five-point method were given to reduce the error when the point measurements were used to calculate the depth-average sediment concentration in the downstream reaches.     

基于超网络的集成工艺决策与调度问题研究

针对多工艺产品的加工路线决策与车间调度方案不能同步制定的问题,在制造车间数字化背景下,提出集成车间不同要素信息的特征—工序—机器—工人的超网络结构,建立基于超网络的加工路线决策与车间调度模型,设计一种集成工艺决策与车间调度的两阶段混合遗传算法求解模型。在工艺决策阶段,设计特征—工序双层矩阵编码染色体保持加工路线的多样性,并在遗传算法的执行过程中使用变邻域搜索方法增强算法的局部搜索能力;在车间调度阶段,采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化调度模型,将得到的调度方案多目标值返回至工艺决策阶段用于加工路线的适应度评价。最后通过仿真实验验证了该算法的可行性与有效性。     

压缩感知算法在阵列测向中的相干信号分辨

现有算法在进行信号重建时,需要原始信号的稀疏信息来控制初始原子集的大小和算法迭代的最大次数,这削弱了重建精度,增加了计算复杂度,限制了其实际应用能力。为了克服这个问题,提出了基于正交匹配追踪算法的改进算法。该算法将阵元个数作为假设稀疏度,在稀疏度未知的初始阶段扩展初始原子集。最后通过对测量信号的幅度进行阈值过滤以实现信号的分辨和信源数的估计。为解决测向人员面对监测软件所指示的多个信号示向度中,无法分辨哪些指示方向是同一个信号源所产生的折反射信号的问题,首次提出了基于压缩感知算法的相干关系分析和相干信号分辨的模型。实测数据结果表明,该算法在不同环境下可以清晰分辨相干信号,并且能够适应多种实验平台。     

利用局部监督的跨模态行人重识别研究

跨模态行人重识别技术旨在从非重叠视域不同模态的摄像头捕获的行人图像中,识别出特定行人,行人图像间存在巨大的跨模态差异以及模态内部差异,导致识别率不高。为此,提出了一种利用局部监督的跨模态行人重识别方法(LSN)。首先将可见光图像转换成与红外图像更为接近的灰度图像,在图像层面缓解跨模态的差异,并使用共享参数的双流网络,提取具有判别性的共享特征,在特征层面缓解跨模态差异;其次,设计了局部监督网络,增强了对背景、遮挡等噪声的鲁棒性,缓解了模态内部差异;最后,设计了跨模态分组损失、联合身份损失对网络进行约束。实验结果显示,在SYSU-MM01数据集上,评价指标rank-1和mAP分别达到了53.31%、50.88%;在RegDB数据集上,达到了73.51%、68.55%,实验结果优于同类方法,验证了该方法的有效性和先进性。     

“EM”水玻璃自硬砂的应用

本文介绍了一种可用于大型铸铜件的“EM”水玻璃自硬砂.通过实验及实际生产验证,该砂在满足强度要求的同时还可明显减少水玻璃的加入量,且该砂的溃散性很好,各方面均优于传统的水玻璃砂.     

A precipitate phase in AA2124

A new precipitate phase (designated X phase) other than the S(Al₂CuMg) precipitate phase has been discovered in the 2124 aluminium alloy. Using selected-area electron diffraction analysis, dynamical diffraction simulation, energy dispersion analysis of X-rays and high-resolution electron microscopy, it is suggested that the X phase has an orthorhombic crystal structure witha=0.492 nm,b=0.852 nm andc=0.701 nm. The space group of the phase is Cmmm. There are 10 atoms in a cell with AlCuMg=244. The orientation relationship between the X phase and the matrix is determined as (1–10)_m(010)_x, [–1–1–1]_m [001]_x.     

学习产出驱动的大数据课程教学探索与实践

大数据技术发展变化快,综合应用性强,而大数据计算技术课程的教学内容偏重理论,脱离实际工程应用,培养的学生实践能力弱,无法适应企业的实际需求.依据新工科培养思路和OBE理念,提出构建基于综合案例的大数据计算技术的课程内容;设计贯穿整个课程体系的综合案例,激发学生的主动探索的积极性,提高其实践能力;结合产学合作模式,形成更加客观的课程评价体系,促进教学质量提升.     

新工科背景下多方协同育人培养模式构建

新工科建设是我国高等工程教育领域的重要改革方向.文章对新工科背景下地方高校多方协同育人人才培养模式进行相关分析研究,针对人才培养过程中所出现的问题进行了探讨.通过全面分析人才培养中所出现的问题,初步形成了一套切实可行的新工科人才培养的方案,可为高校开展协同育人提供参考和借鉴.     

基于GPS数据和压缩栅格算法的城市路网电子地图快速构建方法

路网电子地图对城市交通管理领域有重要的作用,但是地图服务机构提供的接口功能有限,商用地图一般价格高昂;而一些基于GPS数据的地图生成算法非常复杂、速度慢,在一些实际应用中受到限制,如区域地图即时更新、道路临时管制、应急路线规划等.为此提出一种直观、可扩展、操作灵活的城市道路地图构建方式.通过奥赛罗坐标化的方式,对单位栅格的表示方式进行重新设计,在改善栅格地图的拓扑表达能力、弥补栅格地图存储空间较大和处理时运算资源需求较多等弊端的同时,实现了地图的快速构建.文章以公共交通服务评估和路网韧性评价为例,展示了这一方法的应用潜力.