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61.
The local structures of Cl- and Br- in an anion-exchange resin have been investigated by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The resins, which have been equilibrated under various partial water vapor pressures to allow the anions to have various hydration numbers, are provided for XAFS measurements. The XAFS spectra indicate that two scattering groups around the counteranion are present, that is, water molecules and an ion-exchange group. Regression analyses allow the separation of the contributions from these two scattering groups; thus, the average hydration number (N) is determined. The hydration number linearly increases with increasing the number of water molecules (n) adsorbed by an ion-exchange pair (an ion-exchange group and a counteranion) until the ion-exchange pair adsorbs ca. 3 water molecules, indicating that all of the adsorbed water molecules coordinate the counteranion. However, an increase in N with increasing n becomes small as n exceeds 3; N finally reaches 3.9 (+/-0.4) for Cl- and ca. 3.4 (+/-0.5) for Br-. Detailed studies of the water adsorption isotherms imply that the maximum hydration number of these anions is three when they are bound by the ion-exchange groups, and as more water molecules are supplied, they are dissociated from the ion-exchange groups; ca. 40% of total counteranions are dissociated from the ion-exchange groups. 相似文献
62.
Wind flows over the 8.2-m Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea in Hawaii were analyzed with a correlation method. Three or four wind flows were detected from our measurements. Spatial and temporal resolution of the wind-flow analysis across the 8.2 m pupil were investigated experimentally. A three-dimensional spatiotemporal-frequency analysis was also applied to the wind-flow data. 相似文献
63.
T. Shin-ike T. Sakai Tetsuo Sakai G. Adachi J. Shiokawa 《Materials Research Bulletin》1977,12(7):685-688
The nature of the V/1bO/1bV interaction of the perovskite type rare-earth vanadites were studied by spectroscopic methods. Infrared and ultraviolet analyses revealed that the V/1bO bond length became shorter and that the V/1bO bond strength increased, as a function of the atomic number of lanthanide elements in LnVO3. Judging from the x-ray fluorescent spectra of oxygen-Kα, the energy level of O2? (pπ) orbitals of the heavier rare-earth vanadites was lower than that of the lighter rare-earth vanadites. 相似文献
64.
Pulsed laser irradiation impact on two marine diatoms Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros gracilis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The ability of pulsed laser irradiations to cause damage on the biofouling organisms is recently being investigated. If this technique is employed in industries such as power generation wherein a large quantity of water is being used for the cooling purpose, many organisms other than the targeted would get affected. In this study, we have investigated the damage caused by the pulsed laser irradiations from an Nd:YAG laser (fluence 0.1J/cm(2)) for varying durations such as 2, 5, 10, 30, 60 and 300 s on two marine diatom species namely Skeletonema costatum and Chaetoceros gracilis. Upon exposure to low power laser irradiations, these diatom species showed mortalities between 52.6+/-9.3% to 97.7+/-3.1% in the case of S. costatum and 57.8+/-2.5% to 98.9+/-0.6% in the case of C. gracilis for 2 and 300 s of irradiations, respectively. The mortality increased with the increase in the duration of laser irradiation. The estimation of the chlorophyll a concentration in the irradiated samples showed a considerable reduction varying between 9.8% and 57% in C. gracilis and 3% and 70.3% in S. costatum for 2 and 300 s of irradiations, respectively. The laser-survived cells grew as the non-irradiated (control) samples. C. gracilis frustules were broken by the laser whilst, the cell materials were drained out of the frustules in the case of S. costatum. The study therefore showed that the low power pulsed laser irradiations could cause significant damage on the two species of planktonic diatoms. 相似文献
65.
Fujimoto J Umeda Y Tamura T Tomiyama T Kimura F 《Environmental science & technology》2003,37(23):5398-5406
To achieve sustainability, resource consumption and waste generation must be drastically decreased. For societal acceptance, preservation of both quality of life and corporate profits are essential. One promising approach is to shift the source of value from the amount of product sold to the quality of services the product provides. This paper describes the need for redesigning recycling systems from a manufacturing perspective and then discusses the possibility of this "servicification" of products, describing our experience with prototype development. We discuss development of product prototypes and their business, using consumer facsimile machines as an example of "service-oriented products". Traditional thought presumes that only products comprising new materials and components are valuable. Consideration of a service-oriented product can serve as a stimulus to revise this mode of thought and to control delivery and quality of disposed products. This paper also provides a life cycle simulation of the developed service-oriented business. Simulation results indicate that service-oriented business can potentially reduce environmental impact while extending business opportunities from the viewpoint of whole product life cycles. 相似文献
66.
Fast agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm using Locality-Sensitive Hashing 总被引:1,自引:6,他引:1
Hisashi Koga Tetsuo Ishibashi Toshinori Watanabe 《Knowledge and Information Systems》2007,12(1):25-53
The single linkage method is a fundamental agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm. This algorithm regards each point
as a single cluster initially. In the agglomeration step, it connects a pair of clusters such that the distance between the
nearest members is the shortest. This step is repeated until only one cluster remains. The single linkage method can efficiently
detect clusters in arbitrary shapes. However, a drawback of this method is a large time complexity of O(n
2), where n represents the number of data points. This time complexity makes this method infeasible for large data. This paper proposes
a fast approximation algorithm for the single linkage method. Our algorithm reduces the time complexity to O(nB) by rapidly finding the near clusters to be connected by Locality-Sensitive Hashing, a fast algorithm for the approximate
nearest neighbor search. Here, B represents the maximum number of points going into a single hash entry and it practically diminishes to a small constant
as compared to n for sufficiently large hash tables. Experimentally, we show that (1) the proposed algorithm obtains clustering results similar
to those obtained by the single linkage method and (2) it runs faster for large data than the single linkage method.
Hisashi Koga received the M.S. and Ph.D. degree in information science in 1995 and 2002, respectively, from the University of Tokyo. From
1995 to 2003, he worked as a researcher at Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. Since 2003, he has been a faculty member at the University
of Electro-Communications, Tokyo (Japan). Currently, he is an associate professor at the Graduate School of Information Systems,
University of Electro-Communications. His research interest includes various kinds of algorithms such as clustering algorithms,
on-line algorithms, and algorithms in network communications.
Tetsuo Ishibashi received the M.E. degree in information systems design from the Graduate School of Information Systems at the University
of Electro-Communications in 2004. Presently, he is a system engineer at Fujitsu Broad Solution & Consulting Inc.
Toshinori Watanabe received the B.E. degree in aeronautical engineering in 1971 and the D.E. degree in 1985, both from the University of Tokyo.
In 1971, he worked at Hitachi as a researcher in the field of information systems design. His experience includes demand forecasting,
inventory and production management, VLSI design automation, knowledge-based nonlinear optimizer, and a case-based evolutionary
learning system nicknamed TAMPOPO. He also engaged in FGCS (Fifth Generation Computer System) project of Japan and developed
a new hierarchical message-passing parallel cooperative VLSI layout problem solver that ran on PIM (Parallel Inference Machine)
in 1991. Since 1992, he has been a professor at the Graduate School of Information Systems, University of Electro-Communications,
Tokyo, Japan. His areas of interest include media analysis, learning intelligence, and the semantics of information systems.
He is a member of the IEEE. 相似文献
67.
Fu-Ying Huang Satoshi Yamamoto Eric Baugh Tetsuo Semba 《Microsystem Technologies》2007,13(8-10):849-857
A new approach to analyze HDD seeking acoustics is proposed. An acoustic transfer function was derived that has seeking current as input and seeking acoustics as response. The derivation and the advantage and limitation of this acoustic transfer function approach is discussed in details in this paper. HDD seeking acoustics is mainly determined by the seeking current spectrum and the mechanical design. The acoustics transfer function represents the mechanical design, and was used to diagnose trouble mechanical modes and to guide servo design to reduce specific seeking current frequency content. The acoustic transfer function approach also enables quick performance prediction of combination of different mechanical designs and seeking currents. Various HDDs with different seeking current profiles and mechanical designs were evaluated experimentally and numerically. Finally, a new seeking servo algorithm was evaluated, and good agreement was shown between the numerical prediction using the acoustics transfer function approach and the measured seeking acoustics. 相似文献
68.
Sachio Okada Takeyuki Kikuchi Masafumi Kobune Tetsuo Yazawa 《Thin solid films》2007,515(18):7342-7346
A mixed ionic and electronic conducting hydrogen separation membrane, which consisted of proton-conductive oxide and metallic palladium, was fabricated. A porous alumina tube was employed as a support, and proton-conductive oxide particles were introduced into a microporous top layer of the support by an impregnation method. Palladium particles were deposited into the same porous layer by chemical vapor deposition. Hydrogen permeated preferentially via the membrane thus obtained with a hydrogen permeance (PH2) of 1.2 × 10− 9 mol·m− 2·s− 1·Pa− 1 at 873 K. Selectivity for hydrogen (PH2/PN2) increased with the operating temperature due to an increase in proton conductivity of the membrane, and PH2/PN2 = 5.7 was attained at 873 K. 相似文献
69.
A system procedure is proposed for a multi-robot rescue system that performs real-time exploration over disaster areas. Real-time exploration means that every robot exploring the area always has a communication path to human operators standing by at a base station and that the communication path is configured by ad hoc wireless networking. Real-time exploration is essential in multi-robot systems for USAR (urban search and rescue) because operators must communicate with every robot to support the victim detection process and ad hoc networking is suitable to configure a communication path among obstacles. The proposed system procedure consists of the autonomous classification of robots into search and relay types and behavior algorithms for each class of robot. Search robots explore the areas and relay robots act as relay terminals between search robots and the base station. The rule of the classification and the behavior algorithm refer to the forwarding table of each robot constructed for ad hoc networking. The table construction is based on DSDV (destination-sequenced distance vector) routing that informs each robot of its topological position in the network and other essentials. Computer simulations are executed with a specific exploration strategy of search robots. The results show that a multi-robot rescue system can perform real-time exploration with the proposed system procedure and reduce exploration time in comparison with the case where the proposed scheme is not adopted. 相似文献
70.
Mostafa Al Masum Shaikh Helmut Prendinger Mitsuru Ishizuka 《Applied Artificial Intelligence》2013,27(6):558-601
Text is not only an important medium to describe facts and events, but also to effectively communicate information about the writer's positive or negative sentiment underlying an opinion, or to express an affective or emotional state, such as happiness, fearfulness, surpriseness, and so on. We consider sentiment assessment and emotion sensing from text as two different problems, whereby sentiment assessment is the task that we want to solve first. Thus, this article presents an approach to sentiment assessment, i.e., the recognition of negative or positive valence of a sentence. For the purpose of sentiment recognition from text, we perform semantic dependency analysis on the semantic verb frames of each sentence, and then apply a set of rules to each dependency relation to calculate the contextual valence of the whole sentence. By employing a domain-independent, rule-based approach our system is able to automatically identify sentence-level sentiment. A linguistic tool called “SenseNet” has been developed to recognize sentiments in text, and to visualize the detected sentiments. We conducted several experiments with a variety of datasets containing data from different domains. The obtained results indicate significant performance gains over existing state-of-the-art approaches. 相似文献