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101.
The tensile strengths and elongations of starch films prepared from various unmodified and modified starches were measured. These properties were improved by addition of urea and polyvinyl alcohol to the starch paste. The results obtained were as follows.
- 1 The heating temperature greatly affected the tensile strength and elongation of various unmodified starches. Potato starch gave the best film.
- 2 Introduction of hydroxyethyl groups into corn starch had unexpectedly little affect on the properties of the films.
- 3 A combination of hydroxyethylation and acid-modification slightly improved the properties of the films.
- 4 No film could be obtained after combinations of hydroxyethylation and hypochlorite-oxidation, pyrodextrinization or α-amylase-dextrinization. However, addition of urea to these modified starches resulted in good films.
- 5 On addition of urea the elongation of starch films increased and the pastes adhered uniformly to water repellent surfaces.
- 6 A film with the best properties was prepared from a mixture of 67% acid-modified hydroxyethyl starch, 13% urea and 20% polyvinyl alcohol.
102.
103.
In order to elucidate the granular structure of the leguminous starches the speed of solubilization of several starches was determined by digestion with dimethyl sulfoxide and with α-amylase. By microscopic investigations with normal and polarized light different forms of erosion were observed in the different starches, all of them less intense than those observed in cereal starches. It was concluded that the starch granules of mucunã seeds are the most homogeneous and have the least porous structure, followed by chick pea, jack, lablab and guanda beans. It is supposed that maturation, climate and soil influence the cristallinity of the granules, resulting in different digestibility. 相似文献
104.
Masanori Ono Natsumi Toyoda Kyosuke Kagami Takashi Hosono Takeo Matsumoto Shin-ichi Horike Rena Yamazaki Mitsuhiro Nakamura Yasunari Mizumoto Tomoko Fujiwara Hitoshi Ando Hiroshi Fujiwara Takiko Daikoku 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(14)
Recently, it was demonstrated that the expression of BMAL1 was decreased in the endometrium of women suffering from recurrent spontaneous abortion. To investigate the pathological roles of uterine clock genes during pregnancy, we produced conditional deletion of uterine Bmal1 (cKO) mice and found that cKO mice could receive embryo implantation but not sustain pregnancy. Gene ontology analysis of microarray suggested that uterine NK (uNK) cell function was suppressed in cKO mice. Histological examination revealed the poor formation of maternal vascular spaces in the placenta. In contrast to WT mice, uNK cells in the spongiotrophoblast layer, where maternal uNK cells are directly in contact with fetal trophoblast, hardly expressed an immunosuppressive NK marker, CD161, in cKO mice. By progesterone supplementation, pregnancy could be sustained until the end of pregnancy in some cKO mice. Although this treatment did not improve the structural abnormalities of the placenta, it recruited CD161-positive NK cells into the spongiotrophoblast layer in cKO mice. These findings indicate that the uterine clock system may be critical for pregnancy maintenance after embryo implantation. 相似文献
105.
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) not only have antihyperglycemic effects and are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia but also have protective effects in organs, including the heart and kidneys. The pathophysiology of diabetes involves chronic hyperglycemia, which causes excessive demands on pancreatic β-cells, ultimately leading to decreases in β-cell mass and function. Because SGLT2is ameliorate hyperglycemia without acting directly on β-cells, they are thought to prevent β-cell failure by reducing glucose overload in this cell type. Several studies have shown that treatment with an SGLT2i increases β-cell proliferation and/or reduces β-cell apoptosis, resulting in the preservation of β-cell mass in animal models of diabetes. In addition, many clinical trials have shown that that SGLT2is improve β-cell function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this review, the preclinical and clinical data regarding the effects of SGLT2is on pancreatic β-cell mass and function are summarized and the protective effect of SGLT2is in β-cells is discussed. 相似文献
106.
A switched reluctance (SR) motor has a doubly salient pole structure. The performance of the SR motor strongly depends on the magnetic properties of the core material, since it consists only of an iron core and copper windings. This study experimentally evaluates the performance of an SR motor made of permendur (Fe–49% Co alloy), which has very high saturation flux density and low core loss. Two types of SR motors that have the same dimensions but different core materials are used: one motor is made of the conventional nonoriented Si steel, and the other is made of permendur. Comparison of the characteristics of the two motors shows that the performance of the permendur SR motor surpasses that of the conventional one in terms of output power and efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(1): 51–57, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22431 相似文献
107.
Abstract Baseball pitching requires contributions from and interaction among all limb segments. Most previous investigators have concentrated on the throwing arm itself, but the center of mass (COM) and contribution of all segments in the pitching motion have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the momentum transfer of all body segments in the pitching motion. The kinematics pitching motion data were captured from three experienced pitchers (one is professional, two are amateurs). A ten‐segment body system was modeled in this study. The results showed that the lowest position of the COM during the pitching cycle occurred around the ball release time and the fastest velocity (2.81±0.18 m/sec) of the COM was in the late cocking phase. The trunk and thigh on the throwing side showed the largest linear momentum among all segments in the late cocking phase. The upper throwing arm and forearm had peak linear momentum in the acceleration phase. The trunk also had the largest angular momentum during the pitching cycle and reached the maximum rotational momentum (4.17±1.22 Kg‐m2/sec) in the late cocking phase and medial bending momentum (9.03±5.78 Kg‐m2/sec) at the end of the late cocking phase. From the time sequence of linear momentum changes, especially in the leading direction, the force transfer from the foot to the trunk then through the upper extremity during the pitching motion was identified. The largest change rate of angular momentum found in the trunk meant that the trunk contributed the largest torque in the pitching motion. Better coordination of the body segments in the pitching motion not only enhances performance but also avoids injury. The coordination of motion by athletes in the pitching motion provides a guideline for better coaching and training. 相似文献
108.
Yoshihiro Sagisaka Itaru Ishibashi Tamotsu Nakamura Masahiro Sekizawa Yuh Sumioka Masahiro Kawano 《Journal of Materials Processing Technology》2012,212(9):1869-1874
The authors proposed double-layer-type environmentally friendly lubricants, which were composed of an undercoat, superior in adhering to a material, and an overcoat, superior in reducing the friction between the material and the die. The performance of these lubricants for cold forging was evaluated by the ring compression test, the combined forward rod-backward can extrusion-type friction test and the combined forward conical can-backward straight can extrusion-type friction test. The double-layer-type lubricants showed comparable friction characteristics and anti-pick-up properties to a conversion coating lubricant, when the film thickness and surface treatment before coating were improved. In a practical application by cold multistage forging, the double-layer-type lubricants showed a similar performance to a conversion coating lubricant. 相似文献
109.
Shigeyuki Nakamura Yoshihisa Mori Ken’ichi Takarabe 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2014,43(6):2174-2178
High-performance Mg2Si thermoelectric devices have been obtained by spark plasma sintering of high-purity, pre-synthesized, all-molten Mg2Si powder. We studied the effects of source powder particle size on thermoelectric performance. To improve the performance, further investigation of the microstructure of the devices is needed. In this work we studied the microstructure of grain boundaries and interfaces between electrodes and Mg2Si sintered bodies to increase understanding of Mg2Si thermoelectric devices. 相似文献
110.
Yuta Fujita Akihiro Ametani Keisuke Nakamura Koichi Yamabuki 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2014,188(1):36-45
This paper investigates the mutual grounding impedance between vertical grounding electrodes based on field measurements and FDTD simulations. In the case of vertical electrodes, the mutual impedance between the electrodes is almost completely independent of the electrode length, and thus the induced voltage is nearly constant as the electrode length becomes longer. This characteristic is different from that of an overhead conductor, where the electromagnetic‐induced voltage is proportional to the conductor length. The greater the separation distance between the electrodes, the smaller the induced voltage, as in the case of an overhead conductor. The propagation speed increases as the separation increases. It is found that the speed is not necessarily proportional to the inverse of the relative permittivity of the earth. 相似文献