水解聚丙烯酰胺盐水溶液表观粘度的数学模拟(Ⅰ)──通用Mark-Houwink-Sakurada方程式

针对水解聚丙烯酰胺修正了Fixman的聚电解质静电扩张理论式，确定了式中各常数，得到一关联水解度h和盐浓度c_s的通用MHS方程式.经验证该方程有好的精确度和宽的适用范围：30℃，母体相对分子质量10~5～1.3×10~7，水解度4％～40％，NaCl浓度0.02～0.5mol·L~-1.     

大茴香醛的合成研究

以对羟基苯甲醛为原料,用硫酸二甲酯甲基化反应合成了大茴香醛,考察了pH值、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应的影响,结果表明:当pH=8、反应温度为100～105℃、反应时间为6小时时,产品收率可达88%。     

Recovery of sterols as fatty acid steryl esters from waste material after purification of tocopherols

Tocopherols are purified industrially from soybean oil deodorizer distillate by a process comprising distillation and ethanol fractionation. The waste material after ethanol fractionation (TC waste) contains 75% sterols, but a purification process has not yet been developed. We thus attempted to purify sterols by a process including a lipase-catalyzed reaction. Candida rugosa lipase efficiently esterified sterols in TC waste with oleic acid (OA). After studying several factors affecting esterification, the reaction conditions were determined as follows: ratio of TC waste/OA, 1∶2 (wt/wt); water content, 30%; amount of lipase, 120 U/g-reaction mixture; temperature, 40°C. Under these conditions, the degree of esterification reached 82.7% after 24 h. FA steryl esters (steryl esters) in the oil layer were purified successfully by short-path distillation (purity, 94.9%; recovery, 73.1%). When sterols in TC waste were esterified with FFA originating from olive, soybean, rapeseed, safflower, sunflower, and linseed oils, the FA compositions of the steryl esters differed somewhat from those of the original oils: The content of saturated FA was lower and that of unsaturated FA was higher. The m.p. of the steryl esters synthesized (21.7–36.5°C) were remarkably low compared with those of the steryl esters purified from high-b.p. soybean oil deodorizer distillate substances (56.5°C; JAOCS 80, 341–346, 2003). The low-m.p. steryl esters were soluble in rapeseed oil even at a final concentration of 10%.     

Multistage catalytic combustion systems and high temperature combustion systems using SiC

Multistage catalytic combustion systems for commercial applications using noble metal catalyst were investigated at conditions under 1000°C. Also, the high temperature combustion systems using SiC material were investigated at conditions up to 1400°C.     

Molecular orbital study of pyrolytic carbons based on small cluster models

Molecular orbital calculations are applied to the Raman scattering and ESR of pyrolytic carbons on the basis of small cluster models. The E_2g and A_1g modes of C-C stretching vibrations of coronene, hexabenzocoronene, and circumcoronene, which belong to D_6h carbon clusters, are shown to appear around the 1550 cm⁻¹ and 1360 cm⁻¹ bands, respectively. The unpaired electrons observed in pyrolytic carbons are attributed to the bond-alternation defects on odd-numbered carbon clusters that are more easily mobile than those of trans-polyacetylene.     

建立适应企业发展的工资分配制度

文章通过强化激励机制，建立适应企业发展的工资分配制度，使分配与经济效益、技术指标挂钩，并与工作业绩、技术等级、劳动技能、劳动贡献等因素结合，为现代企业发展业提供有力的保障。如今，焦化厂已经成为我国第5个年生产能力达到300万t的大型炼焦企业。     

Mathematical Modeling of Supercritical Extraction of Valerenic Acid from Valeriana officinalis L.

The dynamic behavior of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of valerenic acid (VA) from valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) roots was studied by mathematical modeling. The extraction yield of VA was considered as the most desirable compound among the other extracted constituents. A two‐phase desorption model was developed by considering a diffusion controlled regime in the particle and axial dispersion in the bed. The mass transfer parameters, i.e., pore diffusivity, film mass transfer coefficient and axial dispersion, along with the solubility parameters were chosen as the model parameters. The first three mass transfer parameters were predicted using nondimensional equations from the literature. The solubility equation and the parameters were studied using different equilibrium models, i.e., Henry, Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir‐Freundlich (L‐F) and Toth isotherms. The equilibrium parameters were correlated by comparing the outlet results of the dynamic SFE model with experiments. The experimental yield of the VA extraction was obtained at a pressure of 15.0–36.0 MPa, temperature of 310–334 K, solvent flow rate of 0.50–1.10 · 10^–6 m³/min and different particle sizes ranging from 0.18–2.00 · 10^–3 m in diameter, at a 20 min constant static period, in the presence of 46.9 μL/g ethanol as the co‐solvent, followed by dynamic time extraction for up to 50 min. From the results, the mathematical model using the L‐F equation exhibited the best agreement with the experimental yield of VA extraction in the range of studied conditions. The present model can be applied to design and scale up the SFE process of VA from Valeriana officinalis L. roots.     

Magnetic Susceptibilities of MgCu2O3 and Doped MgCu2O3 with Zn and Co

The magnetic susceptibility of MgCu ₂ O ₃ powder was measured between 0.2 K and 800 K. The results above TN can be fitted by a Curie–Weiss law plus a one-dimensional (1 — d) antiferromagnetic susceptibility and a constant susceptibility. Below TN the magnetic susceptibility has the large contribution from the paramagnetic impurity of free Cu ²⁺ ions in the compound. When we add Zn ²⁺ ions in the compound the Néel temperature decreases. On the other hand the Co doped MgCu ₂ O ₃ enhance the Néel temperature. Only a small number of Co ions changes the magnetic property of MgCu ₂ O ₃ drastically.     

Near-band-edge photoluminescnce in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

Photoluminescence (PL) and PL decay characteristics of the near-band-edge (NBE) PL at room temperature have been studied on the Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) solar cells. The carrier recombination process has been discussed with emphasis on the photovoltaic properties of the solar cell. It has been found that: (i) PL intensity of the CIGS solar cells is much stronger than that in the corresponding CIGS thin films, (ii) the PL decay time of the cell is longer than that of the CIGS film, and (iii) the PL decay time of the CIGS solar cell exhibits strong dependence on the PL excitation intensity. In the CIGS solar cell, intense PL is obtained under the open circuit condition (oc), in contrast to the very low PL yield under the short circuit (sc) condition. The PL decay time under the sc condition is much shorter than that under the oc condition. Excitation intensity dependence of PL intensity and the PL decay time have been studied, and they are discussed with relation to the photo-voltage due to the PL excitation light. PL and injection EL under the external DC bias have been studied. The mapping image of NBE-PL intensity has been compared with that of the laser beam induced current (LBIC), and the PL intensity image reflects the photovoltaic properties of the CIGS solar cells. We demonstrated that NBE-PL of the CIGS solar cell reflects the photovoltaic effect, and it can be utilized as a powerful characterization method.