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101.
Jatuporn Wittayakun Pongtanawat Khemthong Sanchai Prayoonpokarach 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2008,25(4):861-864
Rice husk silica (RHS) in amorphous phase with 98% purity was prepared from a waste rice husk from rice milling by leaching
with hydrochloric acid and calcination. The RHS was used effectively as a silica source for the synthesis of zeolite Y in
sodium form (NaY). The zeolite in pure phase was obtained from a two-step synthetic route in which the starting gels were
mixed, aged for 24 h at room temperature and crystallized for 24 h at 90 °C. The diameter of single crystal particles from
a scanning electron microscope was approximately 1.0 μm, whereas the average particle diameter from laser diffraction particle
size analyzer was approximately 10 μm because of the agglomeration of small crystals. Longer crystallization time in this
route resulted in a mixed phase containing NaY and zeolite P in sodium form (NaP). In addition, a one-step synthetic route
(no aging) was studied and the product was also a mixed phase zeolite. 相似文献
102.
A novel method for the fabrication of highly ordered nanopore arrays with very small diameter of 14 nm was demonstrated by
using low-temperature anodization. Two-step anodization was carried out at 25 V, sulfuric acid concentration of 0.3 M, and
electrolyte temperature of −15 °C. After anodization, a regular pore array with mean diameter of 14 nm and interpore distance
of 65 nm was formed. The pore diameter and regular arrangement were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fast
Fourier transformation (FFT), respectively. The present results strongly suggest that the diameter of pores in a highly ordered
alumina template can be reduced by lowering the anodization temperature. 相似文献
103.
In this work, the kinetics and mechanism of free-radical polymerisation of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) using potassium peroxydisulphate
(PDS) as water soluble initiator in the presence of synthesized 1, 4-Bis (tributyl methyl ammonium) benzene dichloride (TBMABDC)
as multi-site phase transfer catalyst (MPTC) was studied. The polymerisation reactions were carried out under inert and unstirred
conditions at constant temperature of 60 ± 1°C in cyclohexane/water biphase media. The role of concentrations of monomer,
initiator, catalyst and volume fraction of aqueous phase, solvent polarity and temperature on the rate of polymerisation (Rp)
was ascertained. The order with respect to monomer and initiator was found to be unity. The order with respect to catalyst
was found to be 0.51. The rate of polymerisation is independent of ionic strength and pH of the medium. However, an increase
in the polarity of solvent has slightly increased the Rp value. Based on the results obtained, a suitable kinetic scheme has
been proposed to account for the experimental observations and its significance discussed. 相似文献
104.
The effect of pressure on combustion and heat transfer is analyzed. The research is based on the basic combustion and heat
transfer theorem. A correction for the heat calculation method for pressurized furnace is made on the basis of the normal
pressure case. The correction takes the effect of pressurizing into account. The results show that the correction is reasonable
and the method is applicable to combustion and heat transfer of the marine supercharged boiler. 相似文献
105.
Water treatment using TiO2 semiconductor as a durable heterogeneous photocatalyst has been the focus of environmentalists in recent years. Currently, we developed an inexpensive and highly efficient approach for synthesizing nitrogen-doped TiO2 with lower band-gap energy that can respond to visible light. Doping on the molecular scale led to an enhanced nitrogen concentration of up to 21.8%. Reflectance measurements showed the synthesized N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles are catalytically active with the absorbance that extends into the visible region up to 600 nm. The water purification potential of this new class of compound was evaluated by studying the photodegradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) and E. coli. Experiments were conducted to compare the photocatalytic activities of N-doped TiO2 nanocatalysts and commercially available Degussa P25 power under identical solar light exposure. N-doped TiO2 demonstrated superior photocatalytic activities in both chemical compound degradation and bactericidal reactions. The result of this study shows the potential of applying new generations of catalyst for wastewater purification and disinfection. 相似文献
106.
Florian Matthes 《Informatik-Spektrum》2008,31(6):527-536
Zusammenfassung Anwendungslandschaften in Unternehmen sind langlebige hoch-komplexe Strukturen bestehend aus hunderten bis tausenden von miteinander
vernetzten betrieblichen Informationssystemen, die von Personen mit sehr unterschiedlichen Interessen und Erfahrungshintergrund
konzipiert, erstellt, modifiziert, betrieben, genutzt und finanziert werden. Die Softwarekartographie zielt darauf ab, die
Kommunikation zwischen diesen Personen durch zielgruppenspezifische verst?ndliche graphische Visualisierungen zu unterstützen,
die Gesch?fts- und Informatik-Aspekte gleicherma?en berücksichtigen, und die speziell für langfristige und strategische Management-Betrachtungen
geeignet sind.
In diesem Beitrag fassen wir zun?chst die in der betrieblichen Praxis wohlbekannten Probleme beim Management von Anwendungslandschaften
zusammen und diagnostizieren erhebliche Kommunikationsdefizite. Da Anwendungslandschaften als Systeme von Systemen mit Menschen
als integrale Systembestandteile zu verstehen sind, werden Karten als attraktiver L?sungsansatz identifiziert und die wesentlichen
Konzepte der Softwarekartographie anhand von Beispielen vorgestellt. Dabei werden Querbezüge zu anderen Fachgebieten der Informatik
und Wirtschaftsinformatik hergestellt, und die bisherige Nutzung der Forschungsergebnisse in der Praxis gezeigt. 相似文献
107.
Charalambous C.D. Bultitude R.J.C. Li X. Zhan J. 《Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on》2008,7(2):434-439
This paper is concerned with modeling and identification of wireless channels using noisy measurements. The models employed are governed by stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in state space form, while the identification method is based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and Kalman filtering. The algorithm is tested against real channel measurements. The results presented include state space models for the channels, estimates of inphase and quadrature components, and estimates of the corresponding Doppler power spectral densities (DPSDs), from sample noisy measurements. Based on the available measurements, it is concluded that state space models of order two are sufficient for wireless flat fading channel characterization. 相似文献
108.
Bin Xie Shi X.Q. Han Ding 《Components and Packaging Technologies, IEEE Transactions on》2008,31(2):361-369
In an anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA) assembly, the electrical conduction is usually achieved with the conductive particles between the bumps of integrated circuit (IC) and corresponding conductive tracks on the glass substrate. Fully understanding of the mechanical and electrical characteristics of ACA particles can help to optimize the assembly process and improve the reliability of ACA interconnection. Most conductive particles used in the ACA assembly are with cracks in the metal coating of the particles after the ACA bonding. This paper introduced the fracture analysis by applying the cohesive elements in the numerical model of the nickel-coated polymer particle and further simulating the cracks initiation and propagation in the nickel coating during the ACA bonding. The simulation results showed that the stress distribution on the nickel-coated particle with cracks was significantly different from that on the nickel-coated particle without crack, indicating that the stress analysis by taking the crack into consideration is very important for the reliability assessment of the ACA interconnection. The stress analysis of cohesive elements indicated that the cracks initiated at the central area of the nickel coating and propagated to the polar area. Furthermore, by the introduction of a new parameter of the virtual resistance, a mathematical model was established to describe the electrical characteristics of the nickel-coated particle with cracks. The particle resistance of the nickel-coated particle with cracks was found to be much higher than that of the particle without crack in the optimized bonding pressure range, indicating that it is necessary to take the crack into consideration for the particle conduction analysis as well. Therefore, the fracture analysis on the conductive particle by taking the crack into consideration could accurately evaluate the reliability of ACA interconnection and avoid serious reliability issues. 相似文献
109.
Phenylbutazone was recrystallized from its solutions by using a supercritical fluid antisolvent process. It was dissolved
in acetone and supercritical carbon dioxide was injected into the solution, thereby inducing supersaturation and particle
formation. Variation in the physical properties of the recrystallized phenylbutazone was investigated as a function of the
crystallizing temperature and the carbon dioxide injection rate. The recrystallized particles showed cleaner surfaces and
more ordered morphology compared to the particles obtained by other methods such as solvent evaporation. X-ray diffraction
patterns indicated that the crystallinity of the particles had been modified upon the recrystallization. Differential scanning
calorimetry measurement revealed that the crystallizing temperature influenced the thermal stability of the resulting crystals.
Larger crystals were produced when the carbon dioxide injection rate was reduced. 相似文献
110.
In this note, we investigate different concepts of nonlinear identifiability in the generic sense. We work in the linear algebraic framework. Necessary and sufficient conditions are found for geometrical identifiability, algebraic identifiability and identifiability with known initial conditions. Relationships between different concepts are characterized. Constructive procedures are worked out for both generic geometrical and algebraic identifiability of nonlinear systems. As an application of the theory developed, we study the identifiability properties of a four dimensional model of HIV/AIDS. The questions answered in this study include the minimal number of measurement of the variables for a complete determination of all parameters and the best period of time to make such measurements. This information will be useful in formulating guidelines for clinical practice. 相似文献