Silicon‐Based Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: From Fundamentals to Practical Applications

Silicon has been intensively studied as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) because of its exceptionally high specific capacity. However, silicon‐based anode materials usually suffer from large volume change during the charge and discharge process, leading to subsequent pulverization of silicon, loss of electric contact, and continuous side reactions. These transformations cause poor cycle life and hinder the wide commercialization of silicon for LIBs. The lithiation and delithiation behaviors, and the interphase reaction mechanisms, are progressively studied and understood. Various nanostructured silicon anodes are reported to exhibit both superior specific capacity and cycle life compared to commercial carbon‐based anodes. However, some practical issues with nanostructured silicon cannot be ignored, and must be addressed if it is to be widely used in commercial LIBs. This Review outlines major impactful work on silicon‐based anodes, and the most recent research directions in this field, specifically, the engineering of silicon architectures, the construction of silicon‐based composites, and other performance‐enhancement studies including electrolytes and binders. The burgeoning research efforts in the development of practical silicon electrodes, and full‐cell silicon‐based LIBs are specially stressed, which are key to the successful commercialization of silicon anodes, and large‐scale deployment of next‐generation high energy density LIBs.     

城市不同排水除涝标准衔接方法的探讨

为了有效解决城市内涝问题,需要对管道排水标准和河道排涝标准的合理衔接做进一步的探讨。破坏率分析法及相融性分析法都是现阶段管道排水标准与河道排涝标准衔接研究中较为常用的两种方法,选择江苏省宿迁市作为研究区域,运用这两种方法从河道顶托和平衡降雨强度两个角度对宿迁市排水与排涝的重现期衔接问题进行研究,发现两种重现期分析方法得到的衔接结果总体相近,仅在管道重现期为2 a的低重现期下有一定偏差。建议两种重现期分析法在实际运用中可以相互比对验证,为城市排水防涝系统的建设与完善提供科学参考。     

The screened waveguide for intrusive acoustic emission detection and its application in circulating fluidized bed

A screened waveguide with a 90° elbow, which had a rubber surface to reduce noise generations and a steel/air interface to block noise propagations, was designed to measure local particle movements in certain directions. In the riser of circulating fluidized bed, the noise energy only accounted for 2.1% of the total energy received by the waveguide. Besides, the radial acoustic emission energy distribution detected via the waveguide was highly consistent with the radial solid flux distribution measured by the extraction probe. Furthermore, the radial flow patterns in the riser with Geldart D particles were measured under dense phase conveying by this new method, which always demonstrated as core-annulus flows and the transition points (r/R) increased with decreasing solid–gas ratios.     

相位误差对MEMS陀螺检测的影响分析及校正

为提升MEMS陀螺的整体检测性能,对解调参考信号的相位误差对MEMS陀螺检测的影响进行了分析,提出了基于矢量内积鉴相器的相位校正方法.首先从原理上分析了相位误差对解调结果的影响,然后建立了开环解调、静电力反馈正交误差消除加开环解调、静电力反馈正交误差消除加闭环解调3种典型MEMS陀螺检测电路的仿真模型,对解调参考信号存在相位误差的情况进行了仿真。仿真结果表明:不同解调方式中,相位误差对角速度和正交误差的解调影响基本一致,对陀螺的动态范围影响各不相同.同等输入条件下,解调参考信号的相位误差越大,角速度和正交误差的解调结果与真实值的偏差就越大,有必要进行相位校正以消除其影响。 在此基础上,首次将矢量内积鉴相法引入了MEMS陀螺检测电路中,提出了一种可以适用于3种情况的相位校正方法,并进行了仿真。仿真显示,该方法可以消除相位误差,校正正交误差系数和角速度解调误差,提升静电力反馈正交误差消除加开环解调电路的动态范围,且不会影响MEMS陀螺的启动时间,具备良好的通用性。     

旅行社地接计调MIS系统的设计与实现

该文介绍了某旅行社地接计调MIS系统（TravelManager)的网络结构和开发运行环境，并就系统的主要功能和实现技术做了简要的说明，TravelManager系统是一种企业管理信息系统（MIS），它突出“以财务为核心，以业务为基础”的管理思想，将旅游社内部的物质流，资金流，数据爱过信息流的形势进行有效的管理，真正实现了企业的管理科学化，自动化和规范化。     

新型碱矿渣水泥研究

研制成功了性能优良,价格低廉的新型碱矿渣水泥,在大量试验基础上确定了该水泥的最佳配方,水沁标号达到４２５＃及５２５＃。     

基于CDAE-LMSAF的水下目标辐射信号增强

针对远距离目标(如潜艇、鱼雷等)被动定位时存在海洋环境噪声、舰艇自身噪声等影响,从而导致定位精度降低的问题,本文提出了一种基于卷积去噪自编码器和自适应最小均方误差滤波(CDAE-LMSAF)的增强方法,通过提取水下目标辐射信号和含噪信号的时频谱图特征,作为卷积去噪自编码的输入进行训练和建模,再利用自适应滤波器对神经网络增强后的音频进行优化,实现对水下目标辐射信号的增强。仿真实验结果表明,在信噪比为-5 dB时,本文方法的信噪比为17.51 dB,相比于多窗谱谱减法的1.23 dB,卷积去噪自编码器的7.21 dB,自适应最小均方误差滤波的4.12 dB,本文方法具有更高的信噪比增益。     

层状介质中群桩竖向和摇摆动力阻抗的简化计算方法

采用动力文克尔地基梁模型,推导了层状介质中桩单元的形函数矩阵和单元刚度矩阵。提出了计算层状介质中动力相互作用因子的方法。利用桩的动力阻抗和动力相互作用因子,建立了计算层状介质中群桩竖向和摇摆动力阻抗的简化方法。文末给出了算例。     

多掺量钢渣开级配沥青混合料性能研究

将钢渣等体积替代石灰岩粗集料,并利用高黏改性沥青制备了5种钢渣掺量的OGFC-13沥青混合料,以研究其路用性能.采用析漏试验、肯塔堡飞散试验确定出不同钢渣掺量沥青混合料的最佳油石比,在最佳油石比下混合料各项技术指标均满足规范要求.通过试验分析混合料性能,结果表明:钢渣的掺入能有效提高混合料的高温稳定性和水稳定性,且均呈现先增加后降低的趋势;钢渣沥青混合料的低温抗裂性和体积稳定性随着钢渣掺量的增加逐渐降低,但仍能满足规范要求;钢渣的掺加能够增强混合料的渗水性能;综合各试验结果,推荐混合料中钢渣体积最佳掺量为50％.     

城市轨道列车速度曲线预测函数控制改进算法

为有效解决城市轨道列车速度曲线跟踪控制问题,提出了一种速度曲线预测函数控制改进算法IPFC。所提出的预测函数控制改进算法选用阶跃函数和Morlet小波函数作为基函数,其依据目标速度曲线的变化程度,给出了一种预测函数控制的基函数选择策略,该策略可实现小波与阶跃基函数的切换。除此之外,给出了一种基于系统性能模糊满意度与优化因子的柔化因子非线性自适应在线调整策略,通过调整优化因子能够进一步提升跟踪控制性能。基于大连城市轨道交通12号线中旅顺新港至铁山镇的城市轨道列车速度曲线跟踪控制场景,在硬件在环实验环境下得到的实验结果表明,所提出的IPFC能够显著改善控制系统的控制性能,节能、准时、停车精确、舒适4个性能指标都有明显的改善,特别是准时与精确停车,相比广泛应用于实际的传统改进算法均大幅提升超过了55%。