Customized Utilization Strategies of Industrial Lignin to Produce Adsorbents and Flocculants Based on Fractionation and Adequate Structural Interpretation

Lignin, a by-product of pulping and biorefinery, has great potential to replace petrochemical resources for wastewater purification. However, the defects of lignin, such as severe heterogeneity, inferior reactivity and poor solubility, characterize the production process of lignin-based products by high energy consumption and serious pollution. In this study, several lignin fractions with relatively homogeneous structure were first obtained by organic solvent fractionation, and their structures were fully deciphered by various characterization techniques. Subsequently, each lignin component was custom-valued for wastewater purification based on their structural characteristics. Benefiting from the high reactivity and reaction accessibility, the lignin fraction (lignin-1) refined by dissolving in ethanol and n-butanol could been used as a raw material to produce cationic lignin-based flocculant (LBF) in a copolymerization system using green, cheap and recyclable ethanol as solvent. The lignin fraction (lignin-2) extracted by methanol and dioxane showed low reactivity and high carbon content, which was used to produce lignin-based activated carbon (LAC) with phosphoric acid as activator. Moreover, the influences of synthetic factors on the purification capacity were discussed, and the LBF and LAC produced under the optimal conditions showed distinguished purification effect on kaolin suspension and heavy metal wastewater, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding purification mechanism and external factors were also elaborated. It is believed that this cleaner production strategy is helpful for the valorization of lignin in wastewater resources.     

Strength,strain capacity and toughness of five dual-phase pipeline steels

The effect of microstructures on strength, strain capacity and low temperature toughness of a micro-alloyed pipeline steel was elucidated. Five various dual-pha...     

基于CPFD多密度电子垃圾颗粒分离影响研究

基于电子垃圾绿色、高效的分离回收需求,利用barracuda仿真软件建立电子垃圾颗粒气固分离模型,模拟电子垃圾颗粒在气流作用下的分选特性,探讨在不同气流参数及不同物料流量、不同粒径下电子垃圾各组分颗粒的分离效率和回收率。研究表明,电子垃圾颗粒下落流量与粒径对贵金属回收分离有显著影响,当一次进风的气流速度为3.8m/s、二次进风的气流速度为4.6m/s、入料开口宽度为4mm,颗粒粒径为75~100um时,Au的品位率和回收可达87.1%和99.1%,Cu的品位为70.8%,回收率为85.8%。说明在二次进风的作用下,改变电子垃圾流量和控制粒径大小可以有效提升电子垃圾中贵金属的品位和回收率,同时对多密度颗粒的分选提供参考和借鉴。     

沈从文与服饰史研究的三重证据法

沈从文的《中国古代服饰研究》实际上已意识到服饰史料的三个种类:实物、图像、文献,惜其未能详尽其言。本文从其中分析出最适合服饰史研究的三重证据法,并结合罗兰·巴特对于服饰符号体系的三分进行了进一步阐述,参照西方服装史的研究,提出运用三重证据法研究中国服饰史的重要意义。     

COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in India,the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and implications for vaccination

The Delta variant is a major SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern first identified in India. To better understand COVID-19 pandemic dynamics and Delta, we use multiple datasets and model-inference to reconstruct COVID-19 pandemic dynamics in India during March 2020–June 2021. We further use the large discrepancy in one- and two-dose vaccination coverage in India (53% versus 23% by end of October 2021) to examine the impact of vaccination and whether prior non-Delta infection can boost vaccine effectiveness (VE). We estimate that Delta escaped immunity in 34.6% (95% CI: 0–64.2%) of individuals with prior wild-type infection and was 57.0% (95% CI: 37.9–75.6%) more infectious than wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Models assuming higher VE among non-Delta infection recoverees, particularly after the first dose, generated more accurate predictions than those assuming no such increases (best-performing VE setting: 90/95% versus 30/67% baseline for the first/second dose). Counterfactual modelling indicates that high vaccination coverage for first vaccine dose in India combined with the boosting of VE among recoverees averted around 60% of infections during July–mid-October 2021. These findings provide support to prioritizing first-dose vaccination in regions with high underlying infection rates, given continued vaccine shortages and new variant emergence.     

含分布式光伏的主动配电网供电能力自适应优化研究

为实现电网供电能力最大化,提出含分布式光伏的主动配电网供电能力自适应优化方法。构建配电网供电能力相关指标评估模型,建立最大年消纳能力计算模型,同时构建供电能力评价模型,获取实时供电能力效果;依据配电网供电的相关参数,构建配电网线路规划模型并求解,得到最大供应能力,实现主动配电网供电能力自适应优化。实验结果表明：在场景1和场景2中,所提方法得到了不同的配电网开关设备配置方案,最大供电量稳定在63 MW和80 MW,能够提升至少25%的供电能力;经过线路规划后,变电站建设数量大幅度减少,最多为5个,使投资成本减少43%以上。