基于 SoC 平台2D 游戏动画技术

根据SoC(片上系统)平台的特点,分析嵌入式系统用于2D游戏动画实现存在的问题。采用特殊数据结构对画面进行分块,结合硬件特性并利用μCOS-II操作系统来解决资源利用、更新和渲染的问题,从而在系统整体性能不受影响的条件下使游戏画面流畅。     

The immunomodulatory potential of natural compounds in tumor-bearing mice and humans

Abstract

Cancer is considered a fetal disease caused by uncontrolled proliferation and progression of abnormal cells. The most efficient cancer therapies suppress tumor growth, prevent progression and metastasis, and are minimally toxic to normal cells. Natural compounds have shown a variety of chemo-protective effects alone or in combination with standard cancer therapies. Along with better understanding of the dynamic interactions between our immune system and cancer development, nutritional immunology—the use of natural compounds as immunomodulators in cancer patients—has begun to emerge. Cancer cells evolve strategies that target many aspects of the immune system to escape or even edit immune surveillance. Therefore, the immunesuppressive tumor microenvironment is a major obstacle in the development of cancer therapies. Because interaction between the tumor microenvironment and the immune system is a complex topic, this review focuses mainly on human clinical trials and animal studies, and it highlights specific immune cells and their cytokines that have been modulated by natural compounds, including carotenoids, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and β-glucans. These natural compounds have shown promising immune-modulating effects, such as inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhancing natural killer and cytolytic T cells, in tumor-bearing animal models, but their efficacy in cancer patients remains to be determined.     

脉冲激光沉积法生长In掺杂SrTiO3薄膜及其微观结构研究

采用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)方法在MgO/TiN/Si(100)衬底上,生长不同In掺杂量的SrInxTi1-xO3(x=0、0.1、0.2)薄膜,研究In掺杂及本征SrTiO3(STO)缓冲层对薄膜结晶性能,表面形貌、生长模式及紫外拉曼光谱特性的影响.结果表明,In掺杂导致薄膜结晶度降低,通过引入本征STO缓冲层可有效提高In掺杂STO薄膜的结晶度,增强薄膜的(200)择优取向性.然而随In掺杂量的增加,薄膜表面平均粗糙度增大;生长模式由层状生长转变为岛状-层状复合模式;拉曼一次声子振动模式峰强逐渐增强,说明薄膜的晶体对称性降低.     

水热法制备氧化锌阵列及其形貌控制

低温条件下, 采用水热法, 通过控制前驱溶液的pH值, 在预先镀有ZnO纳米膜的导电玻璃衬底上制备了形貌各异的ZnO阵列, 用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计等分析手段对ZnO纳米棒的结构和形貌进行了表征. 同时还对不同形貌阵列的形成机理进行探讨. 结果表明, 所制ZnO纳米棒为单晶, 沿c轴择优生长. 在pH值为10.5左右时, 能得到取向性好、直径均匀(d~nm)的ZnO纳米棒阵列. 光学测试表明, 在可见光区透光度超过80%, 禁带宽度约为3.25eV.     

NLRP3-Mediated Piezo1 Upregulation in ACC Inhibitory Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons Is Involved in Pain Processing after Peripheral Nerve Injury

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is particularly critical for pain information processing. Peripheral nerve injury triggers neuronal hyper-excitability in the ACC and mediates descending facilitation to the spinal dorsal horn. The mechanically gated ion channel Piezo1 is involved in the transmission of pain information in the peripheral nervous system. However, the pain-processing role of Piezo1 in the brain is unknown. In this work, we found that spared (sciatic) nerve injury (SNI) increased Piezo1 protein levels in inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) but not in glutaminergic CaMKⅡ⁺ neurons, in the bilateral ACC. A reduction in the number of PV-INs but not in the number of CaMKⅡ⁺ neurons and a significant reduction in inhibitory synaptic terminals was observed in the SNI chronic pain model. Further, observation of morphological changes in the microglia in the ACC showed their activated amoeba-like transformation, with a reduction in process length and an increase in cell body area. Combined with the encapsulation of Piezo1-positive neurons by Iba1⁺ microglia, the loss of PV-INs after SNI might result from phagocytosis by the microglia. In cellular experiments, administration of recombinant rat TNF-α (rrTNF) to the BV2 cell culture or ACC neuron primary culture elevated the protein levels of Piezo1 and NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). The administration of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 in these cells blocked the rrTNF-induced expression of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (key downstream factors of the activated NLRP3 inflammasome) in vitro and reversed the SNI-induced Piezo1 overexpression in the ACC and alleviated SNI-induced allodynia in vivo. These results suggest that NLRP3 may be the key factor in causing Piezo1 upregulation in SNI, promoting an imbalance between ACC excitation and inhibition by inducing the microglial phagocytosis of PV-INs and, thereby, facilitating spinal pain transmission.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of in situ formed Ti2AlN/TiAl(WMS)composites

The Ti2AlN-reinforced TiAl(WMS)composites with different contents of Ti2AlN were prepared by an in situ method of reactive arc-melting technique.According to th...     

乌药叶多酚提取工艺优化及其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用

目的 优化乌药叶多酚的提取工艺,并评估其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。方法 采用超声辅助乙醇提取法提取多酚类物质,利用单因素和响应面试验优化提取工艺;利用牛津杯法、二倍稀释法和透射电镜试验分析乌药叶多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。结果 乌药叶多酚最佳的提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度59%,料液比1:30 (g/mL),超声时间42 min,超声功率360 W,该条件下乌药叶多酚提取率为4.73%。乌药叶多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度分别为(13.10±0.29)mm、2.50和5.00mg/mL。在乌药叶多酚的作用下,金黄色葡萄球菌细胞形态被严重破坏,使出现严重的变形、塌陷和细胞质泄漏等现象。结论 在本试验优化的最优提取工艺下,乌药叶多酚的提取率较高,所得的乌药叶多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果,为天然防腐剂的开发提供了新思路。     

基于用户声誉的鲁棒协同推荐算法

随着推荐系统在电子商务界的快速发展以及取得的巨大经济收益, 有目的性的托攻击是目前协同过滤系统面临的重大安全威胁, 研究一种可抵御攻击的鲁棒推荐技术已成为目前推荐系统领域的重要课题.本文利用历史记录得到用户声誉, 建立声誉推荐系统, 并结合协同过滤推荐领域内的隐语义模型, 提出基于用户声誉的隐语义模型鲁棒协同算法.本文提出的算法从人为攻击和自然噪声两个方面对系统的鲁棒性进行了改善.在真实的数据集 Movielens 1M 上的实验表明, 与现有的鲁棒性推荐算法相比, 这种算法具有形式简单、可解释性强、稳定的特点, 且在精度得到一定提升的情况下大大增强了系统抵御攻击的能力.     

Neuroimmune Mechanisms Underlying Neuropathic Pain: The Potential Role of TNF-α-Necroptosis Pathway

The neuroimmune mechanism underlying neuropathic pain has been extensively studied. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that drives cytokine storm and stimulates a cascade of other cytokines in pain-related pathways, induces and modulates neuropathic pain by facilitating peripheral (primary afferents) and central (spinal cord) sensitization. Functionally, TNF-α controls the balance between cell survival and death by inducing an inflammatory response and two programmed cell death mechanisms (apoptosis and necroptosis). Necroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is receiving increasing attraction and may trigger neuroinflammation to promote neuropathic pain. Chronic pain is often accompanied by adverse pain-associated emotional reactions and cognitive disorders. Overproduction of TNF-α in supraspinal structures such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus plays an important role in pain-associated emotional disorders and memory deficits and also participates in the modulation of pain transduction. At present, studies reporting on the role of the TNF-α–necroptosis pathway in pain-related disorders are lacking. This review indicates the important research prospects of this pathway in pain modulation based on its role in anxiety, depression and memory deficits associated with other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we have summarized studies related to the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain mediated by TNF-α and discussed the role of the TNF-α–necroptosis pathway in detail, which may represent an avenue for future therapeutic intervention.     

A Novel Relative High-Density Lipoprotein Index to Predict the Structural Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein and Its Ability to Inhibit Endothelial–Mesenchymal Transition

Therapeutic elevation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is thought to minimize atherogenesis in subjects with dyslipidemia. However, this is not the case in clinical practice. The function of HDL is not determined by its concentration in the plasma but by its specific structural components. We previously identified an index for the prediction of HDL functionality, relative HDL (rHDL) index, and preliminarily explored that dysfunctional HDL (rHDL index value > 2) failed to rescue the damage to endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). To confirm the effectiveness of the rHDL index for predicting HDL functions, here we evaluated the effects of HDL from patients with different rHDL index values on the endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) of EPCs. We also analyzed the lipid species in HDL with different rHDL index values and investigated the structural differences that affect HDL functions. The results indicate that HDL from healthy adults and subjects with an rHDL index value < 2 protected transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-stimulated EndoMT by modulating Smad2/3 and Snail activation. HDL from subjects with an rHDL index value > 2 failed to restore the functionality of TGF-β1-treated EPCs. Lipidomic analysis demonstrated that HDL with different rHDL index values may differ in the composition of triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol. In conclusion, we confirmed the applicability of the rHDL index value to predict HDL function and found structural differences that may affect the function of HDL, which warrants further in-depth studies.