Thermal Shrinkage Behavior of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Thermal treatment of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a post‐treatment approach has grown in popularity and resulted in various MOF‐derived materials. However, the widely used extreme thermolytic conditions (usually above 500 °C) lead to degradation in the well‐defined MOFs intrinsic properties. This work demonstrates that MIL‐101 calcined at medium‐temperature range (200–280 °C) partially breaks the coordination bonds that can introduce more accessible active sites, exhibiting a 10‐fold increase in oxidation activity while retaining its intrinsic structure and porosity. Another fascinating feature of MIL‐101 calcined in this temperature range is their temperature‐dependent shrinkage behavior, which is also found in many other types of MOFs. Based on different shrinkage ratios of various MOFs, yolk–shell MOFs@MOFs structures can be constructed through nonsacrificial template method. Overall, the structural and morphological evolution process of MOFs treated in the medium‐temperature range can open new horizons to develop efficient MOFs catalysts and design complex structures.     

Layered Silicon‐Based Nanosheets as Electrode for 4 V High‐Performance Supercapacitor

Silicon‐based materials have shown great potential and been widely studied in various fields. Unlike its unparalleled theoretical capacity as anodes for batteries, few investigations have been reported on silicon‐based materials for applications in supercapacitors. Here, an electrode composed of layered silicon‐based nanosheets, obtained through oxidation and exfoliation, for a supercapacitor operated up to 4 V is reported. These silicon‐based nanosheets show an areal specific capacitance of 4.43 mF cm^?2 at 10 mV s^?1 while still retaining a specific capacitance of 834 µF cm^?2 even at an ultrahigh scan rate of 50 000 mV s^?1. The volumetric energy and power density of the supercapacitor are 7.65 mWh cm^?3 and 9312 mW cm^?3, respectively, and the electrode can operate for 12000 cycles in a potential window of 4 V at 2 A g^?1, while retaining 90.6% capacitance. These results indicate that the silicon‐based nanosheets can be a competitive candidate as the supercapacitor electrode material.     

Ultrasoft Liquid Metal Elastomer Foams with Positive and Negative Piezopermittivity for Tactile Sensing

Soft, capacitive tactile (pressure) sensors are important for applications including human–machine interfaces, soft robots, and electronic skins. Such capacitors consist of two electrodes separated by a soft dielectric. Pressing the capacitor brings the electrodes closer together and thereby increases capacitance. Thus, sensitivity to a given force is maximized by using dielectric materials that are soft and have a high dielectric constant, yet such properties are often in conflict with each other. Here, a liquid metal elastomer foam (LMEF) is introduced that is extremely soft (elastic modulus 7.8 kPa), highly compressible (70% strain), and has a high permittivity. Compressing the LMEF displaces the air in the foam structure, increasing the permittivity over a large range (5.6–11.7). This is called “positive piezopermittivity.” Interestingly, it is discovered that the permittivity of such materials decreases (“negative piezopermittivity”) when compressed to large strain due to the geometric deformation of the liquid metal droplets. This mechanism is theoretically confirmed via electromagnetic theory, and finite element simulation. Using these materials, a soft tactile sensor with high sensitivity, high initial capacitance, and large capacitance change is demonstrated. In addition, a tactile sensor powered wirelessly (from 3 m away) with high power conversion efficiency (84%) is demonstrated.     

Advanced Theragenerative Biomaterials with Therapeutic and Regeneration Multifunctionality

All tissues and organs can be affected by diseases, and treatments for these diseases can cause damage to surrounding healthy tissues and organs. Therefore, treatment is required that involves disease therapy alongside tissue/organ regeneration. The design, construction, and biomedical applications of biomaterial platforms with both disease‐therapeutic and tissue‐regeneration multifunctionalities are in demand, which are herein referred to as theragenerative (abbreviation of therapy and regeneration) biomaterials. Due to the rapid development of theragenerative biomaterials in versatile biomedical applications, this progress report aims to summarize, discuss, and highlight the rational construction of distinctive theragenerative biomaterials with intrinsic therapeutic performance and tissue‐regeneration bioactivity. Based on the intrinsic response to either external physical triggers (e.g., photonic response or magnetic‐field response) or endogenous disease microenvironments (e.g., mild acidity or overexpressed hydrogen peroxide) and tissue‐regeneration bioactivity, these theragenerative biomaterials are extensively explored in various biomedical fields, including bone‐tumor therapy/regeneration, bone antibacterial therapy/regeneration, skin‐tumor therapy/regeneration, skin antibacterial therapy/regeneration, breast‐tumor therapy/adipose‐tissue regeneration, and osteoarticular‐tuberculosis therapy/bone‐tissue regeneration. The challenges faced and future developments of these distinctive theragenerative biomaterials are discussed, as are methods for further promoting their clinical translation.     

Ru Species Supported on MOF‐Derived N‐Doped TiO2/C Hybrids as Efficient Electrocatalytic/Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalysts

The development of efficient catalysts is of great importance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of water splitting via electrocatalytic/photocatalytic processes to remediate the current severe environmental and energy problems. By aid of the stabilization effects of uncoordinated groups and inherent pore‐confinement of amine‐functionalized metal–organic frameworks (NH₂‐MIL‐125), two forms of Ru species including nanoparticles (NPs) and/or single atoms (SAs) can be firmly embedded in NH₂‐MIL‐125 derived N‐doped TiO₂/C support (N‐TC), and thus obtain two kinds of samples named Ru‐NPs/SAs@N‐TC and Ru‐SAs@N‐TC, respectively. In the synthetic process, the initial feeding amount of Ru³⁺ ions not only strongly determines the final size and dispersion states of Ru species but also the morphology and defective structures of N‐TC support. Impressively, Ru‐NPs/SAs@N‐TC exhibit superior catalytic activities to Ru‐SAs@N‐TC for either electrocatalytic or photocatalytic HER. This should be attributed to its larger specific surface area and benefiting from synergistic coupling of Ru NPs and Ru SAs. It is envisioned that the present work can provide a new avenue for development of high‐efficiency and multifunctional hybrid catalysts in sustainable energy conversion.     

InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格长波红外探测器背面减薄技术研究

在长波红外波段,InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格材料具有比碲镉汞材料更优越的性能,因此得到了广泛研究。对InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格红外探测器芯片的背面减薄技术开展了一系列试验。针对<100>GaSb单晶片进行了单点金刚石机床精密加工、机械化学抛光和化学抛光方法研究,并去除了加工损伤。InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格红外器件的流片结果表明,长波探测器组件获得了较好的红外成像图片,提高了InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格长波红外探测器芯片的研制水平。     

一种基于锁相环梳状谱发生器的设计

针对传统模拟梳状谱发生器难以实现高平坦度、窄间距、灵活操控的缺陷,文中提出了一种基于锁相环机理实现梳状信号的新方式。该方法利用锁相环反馈回路的N分频器对压控振荡器输出的高频信号进行分频以得到脉冲宽度窄的脉冲信号,然后再令其通过滤波器得到满足目标带宽的高平坦度梳状谱信号。通过对分频器进行灵活编程控制可以得到不同间距的谱线,且不需要修改硬件电路设计。实验结果表明,这种基于锁相环机理及的梳状谱发生器所产生的谱线具备信号带宽大、幅度一致性高、间距可调、小型化、低功耗等优点。     

基于时序数据的云网协同平台人工智能运维体系

云计算在企业应用中的拓展不但表现为平台规模的拓展,也表现为平台应用的延伸。“云网协同”和“微服务化”是当前企业云平台演进的重要趋势。随着企业信息化建设重要性的持续提升,微服务化云网协同平台的运行维护面临极大挑战。首先分析了平台运维面临的挑战,梳理了平台人工智能运维需求,提出了基于时序数据分析的平台人工智能运维技术体系,并给出了云网协同平台人工智能运维子系统参考设计。所提技术体系和系统设计具有实用性和推广性,可以作为企业云平台建设和优化的技术途径参考。     

基于垂直结构GaN LED的水下蓝光通信系统

垂直结构GaN LED能够提高器件的出光效率和调制带宽,是可见光通信的关键器件。该文面向水下蓝光通信的重大应用需求,基于亚波长理想LED模型,设计、制备了垂直结构蓝光LED器件,在NRZ-OOK调制下可实现10 Mbps的无线光通信。该文进一步搭建了水下可见光通信系统,采用基于该器件,实现了调制速率2 Mbps的全双工水下蓝光通信。     

Formation of Planar Field-Emission Devices Based on Carbon Nanotubes on Co–Nb–N–(O) Alloy

Semiconductors - Integrated field-emission devices and integrated circuits (ICs) based on them are a promising direction in microelectronics, which is associated with the use of low-voltage and...