长江大保护下补短板工程的生态治理理念

在长江大保护框架下,针对目前补短板工程治理现状提出河道治理需要融入生态治理理念,可通过建立重要河段水生态保护模拟器,模拟河道系统的污染物、植被措施、水雨情等的变化,既能反映整条河道水生态环境、水量、污染物消纳状况,又能对局部河道的水生态特征进行诊断分析,以便对局部水体的管治提出合理有效的对策,避免局部河段的超标引发整条河道的水生态及水环境恶化。     

不烧Al-Si复合低碳Al2O3-β-SiAlON材料的抗氧化性能

采用大试样高温热重分析仪研究了不烧Al-Si复合低碳Al2O3-β-SiAlON材料(MAC-F)的抗氧化性,并与Al-Si复合不烧铝碳滑板材料(MAC-S)进行了比较。结果表明(1)两种材料在250~1100℃氧化时的质量变化规律相似,在500℃以前均处于质量损失状态;从500℃开始试样处于质量增加状态,500~1100℃之间两种材料质量变化率的增加量差别不大;1100℃以上材料MAC-S的质量变化率的增加量明显提高,而材料MAC-F质量变化率的增加量稍有降低。(2)1500℃氧化后,材料MAC-F质量增加率明显低于材料MAC-S的,氧化层很薄,厚度仅0.5mm。材料MAC-F的氧化层中有较多的短柱状莫来石晶体,均匀地分布在刚玉骨架结构的空隙中,形成致密的结构,对氧气进入材料的内部起到了阻碍作用。其氧化层表面覆盖着一层由莫来石和少量玻璃相组成的光滑薄膜,更有效阻碍了氧气向内部的渗透。因此,材料MAC-F与材料MAC-S相比,抗氧化性能更为优异。     

仿真软件在燃气轮机联合循环机组上的应用

介绍了建模的基本方法和图形建模的应用,对GSE公司仿真系统软件Gsuite的建模工具JTOPMERET的特点作了详细的说明,同时阐述了建模工具在电厂中的建模方法及步骤,对了解专烧高炉煤气联合循环机组的仿真、运行、设计有一定的参考意义。     

Generation and Identification of the Number of Copies of Exogenous Genes and the T-DNA Insertion Site in SCN-Resistance Transformation Event ZHs1-2

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) causes an estimated economic loss of about USD 3 billion each year in soybean (Glycine max L.) production worldwide. Overexpression of resistance genes against SCN provides a powerful approach to develop SCN resistance cultivars in soybean. The clarification of molecular characterization in transformation events is a prerequisite for ecological risk assessment, food safety, and commercial release of genetically modified crops. Here, we generated transgenic events harboring the BCN (beet cyst nematode) resistance Hs1^pro−1 gene using the Agrobacterium-mediated method in soybean, evaluated their resistance to SCN infection, and clarified the molecular characterization of one of the transformation events. Five independent and stable inheritable transformation events were generated by an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. SCN resistance tests showed the average number of developed females per plant and female index (FI) in T4 ZHs1-1, ZHs1-2, ZHs1-3, ZHs1-4, and ZHs1-5 transformation events were significantly lower than that in the nontransgenic control. Among these, the ZHs1-2 transformation event had the lowest number of developed females per plant and FI. Southern hybridization showed the exogenous target Hs1^pro−1 gene was inserted in one copy and the Bar gene was inserted two copies in the ZHs1-2 transformation event. The exogenous T-DNA fragment was integrated in the reverse position of Chr02: 5351566–5231578 (mainly the Bar gene expression cassette) and in the forward position of Chr03: 17083358–17083400 (intact T-DNA, including Hs1^pro−1 and Bar gene expression cassette) using a whole genome sequencing method (WGS). The results of WGS method and Southern hybridization were consistent. All the functional elements of exogenous T-DNA fragments were verified by PCR using specific primer pairs in the T5 and T6 ZHs1-2 transformation events. These results demonstrated that the overexpression of Hs1^pro−1 gene enhanced SCN resistance, and provide an important reference for the biosafety assessment and the labeling detection in transformation event ZHs1-2.     

发火控制电路中微执行器

本文针对引信发火控制电路中微执行器输出力矩弱的特点,利用微沟道和凝胶纤维把化学能转化成机械能形变技术,设计了一种新型MEMS微执行器.这种微执行器是通过静电力克服机械弹性力使极板产生相对运动,控制发火控制电路的导通;利用凝胶纤维的收缩力解除引信发火控制电路保险从而达到开启和关闭的目的.文中对所设计的结构进行ANSYS仿真,验证它的可行性并优化了结构参数.这种新型微执行器最大的特点是功耗小,输出功率大,具有很高的机械效率.     

Al2TiO5-SiO2-Al2O3复合材料的研究

以Al2TiO5微细粉、SiO2-Al2O3微细粉为原料,外加6%(质量分数,下同)PVA结合剂,100 MPa压力成型,1400 ℃保温1 h烧成,制备出低热膨胀系数,抗热震性能优于SiO2-Al2O3材料的Al2TiO5-SiO2-Al2O3复合材料.对复合材料的性能测定分析,研究不同的Al2TiO5含量、烧结温度等对Al2TiO5-SiO2-Al2O3复合材料性能的影响,获得了制备性能优良的Al2TiO5-SiO2-Al2O3复合材料的最佳工艺参数.     

Superhydrophobic Paper-Based Microfluidic Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Functionalized with Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube and DNAzyme for Hypocalcemia Diagnosis

Hypocalcemia is caused by a sharp decline in blood calcium concentration after dairy cow calving, which can lead to various diseases or even death. It is necessary to develop an inexpensive, easy-to-operate, reliable sensor to diagnose hypocalcemia. The cellulose-paper-based microfluidic field-effect biosensor is promising for point-of-care, but it has poor mechanical strength and a short service life after exposure to an aqueous solution. Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS), as a popular organosilane derivative, can improve the hydrophobicity of cellulose paper to overcome the shortage of cellulose paper. In this work, OTS was used to produce the superhydrophobic cellulose paper that enhances the mechanical strength and short service life of MFB, and a microfluidic field-effect biosensor (MFB) with semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and DNAzyme was then developed for the Ca²⁺ determination. Pyrene carboxylic acid (PCA) attached to SWNTs through a non-covalent π-π stacking interaction provided a carboxyl group that can bond with an amino group of DNAzyme. Two DNAzymes with different sensitivities were designed by changing the sequence length and cleavage site, which were functionalized with SPFET/SWNTs-PCA to form Dual-MFB, decreasing the interference of impurities in cow blood. After optimizing the detecting parameters, Dual-MFB could determine the Ca²⁺ concentration in the range of 25 μM to 5 mM, with a detection limit of 10.7 μM. The proposed Dual-MFB was applied to measure Ca²⁺ concentration in cow blood, which provided a new method to diagnose hypocalcemia after dairy cow calving.     

多功能油层保护剂JQD的研制与应用

针对新疆小拐油田裂缝-孔隙型储层特点,开发研制了一种新型的兼具防漏堵漏及油层保护功能的JQD处理剂。该处理剂具有较好的油溶率、酸溶率,与现有钻井完井液体系配伍性良好,加工粒径可调,对1—4mm的裂缝堵漏效果良好。动态损害实验表明,JQD体系的岩心渗透率恢复值不小于80％。现场试验三口表明,JQD与钻井液配伍性良好,防漏堵漏效果显著,性能调整及维护方便,起下钻及电测顺利。三口井投产后,两口井产量分别为30和28t/d,一口井产气量为1.1×10~4m~3/d,说明储层得到了有效的保护,实现了“堵得住、解得开”的目标。     

Solvent‐Assisted Low‐Temperature Crystallization of SnO2 Electron‐Transfer Layer for High‐Efficiency Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

A high‐quality polycrystalline SnO₂ electron‐transfer layer is synthesized through an in situ, low‐temperature, and unique butanol–water solvent‐assisted process. By choosing a mixture of butanol and water as a solvent, the crystallinity is enhanced and the crystallization temperature is lowered to 130 °C, making the process fully compatible with flexible plastic substrates. The best solar cells fabricated using these layers achieve an efficiency of 20.52% (average 19.02%) which is among the best in the class of planar n–i–p‐type perovskite (MAPbI₃) solar cells. The strongly reduced crystallization temperature of the materials allows their use on a flexible substrate, with a resulting device efficiency of 18%.